Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 36, sentence 147
“Did I hear anything?” said the wise woman; “it must have been the leaves rustling.”
Who acts: wise woman, flesh, leaves · What happens: hear, say, be, rustle · To what, where: anything, leaves · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wise woman, flesh, leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 hear | punct |
| 2 | Did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 hear | aux |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 hear | nsubj |
| 4 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 said | ccomp |
| 5 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 4 hear | obj |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 hear | punct |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 hear | punct |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 woman | det |
| 10 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 woman | amod |
| 11 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | nsubj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 rustling | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 leaves | punct |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 leaves | nsubj |
| 15 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 leaves | aux |
| 16 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 19 leaves | aux |
| 17 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 leaves | cop |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 leaves | det |
| 19 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 rustling | nsubj |
| 20 | rustling | rustle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 said | ccomp |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 20 rustling | punct |
| 22 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 rustling | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear in a quote | past · do-support | the wise woman = woman | anything | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer anything=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | the wise woman | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | must · perfect | flesh | the leaves | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | rustle in a quote | gerund | the leaves | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/36/147/