Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 36, sentence 154
So back she went and gnawed away at the tree, and as soon as she had gnawed it through Iváshechko just jumped on to the next oak-tree, whilst the one the witch had gnawed through fell down.
Who acts: smith · What happens: go, gnaw away, gnaw, jump on, fall down · To what, where: tree, Iváshechko, witch
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 2 back | advmod |
| 2 | back | back | ADV | _ | 4 went | advmod |
| 3 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 went | nsubj |
| 4 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 gnawed | cc |
| 6 | gnawed | gnaw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 went | conj |
| 7 | away | away | ADV | _ | 6 gnawed | advmod |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 tree | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 tree | det |
| 10 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 gnawed | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 jumped | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 jumped | cc |
| 13 | as | as | ADV | _ | 14 soon | advmod |
| 14 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 23 jumped | advmod |
| 15 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 18 gnawed | mark |
| 16 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 gnawed | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 gnawed | aux |
| 18 | gnawed | gnaw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 jumped | advcl |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 gnawed | obj |
| 20 | through | through | ADP | _ | 21 Iváshechko | case |
| 21 | Iváshechko | Iváshechko | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 gnawed | obl |
| 22 | just | just | ADV | _ | 23 jumped | advmod |
| 23 | jumped | jump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 went | conj |
| 24 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 jumped | compound:prt |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 tree | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 tree | det |
| 27 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 tree | amod |
| 28 | oak | oak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 tree | compound |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 oak | punct |
| 30 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 jumped | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 gnawed | punct |
| 32 | whilst | whilst | SCONJ | _ | 34 one | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 one | det |
| 34 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 gnawed | obl |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 witch | det |
| 36 | witch | witch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 gnawed | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 gnawed | aux |
| 38 | gnawed | gnaw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 jumped | parataxis |
| 39 | through | through | ADP | _ | 40 fell | case |
| 40 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 gnawed | conj |
| 41 | down | down | ADV | _ | 40 fell | advmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | smith | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | gnaw away | past | smith not said here | at the tree; away property | vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at tree=Patient | ||||
| 3 | gnaw | past · perfect | smith | tree | Iváshechko | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | |||
| 4 | jump on | past | smith not said here | to the next oak tree result; soon property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to tree=Result | ||||
| 5 | gnaw | past · perfect · passive | the witch | whilst the one | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 6 | fall down | past | down property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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