Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 37, sentence 61
“Oh no, please, grandfather,” said the grandson, “I have lost the soldier’s soul, but I have gained two others.”
Who acts: grandfather · What happens: say, lose, gain · To what, where: grandson, soul, two others · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 37. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grandfather), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 grandfather | punct |
| 2 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 7 grandfather | discourse |
| 3 | no | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 2 Oh | discourse |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Oh | punct |
| 5 | please | please | INTJ | _ | 2 Oh | discourse |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Oh | punct |
| 7 | grandfather | grandfather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 grandfather | punct |
| 9 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 grandfather | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 grandson | det |
| 12 | grandson | grandson | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 said | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 lost | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 lost | punct |
| 15 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 lost | nsubj |
| 16 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 lost | aux |
| 17 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 said | ccomp |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 soldier | det |
| 19 | soldier | soldier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 soul | nmod:poss |
| 20 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 19 soldier | case |
| 21 | soul | soul | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 lost | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 gained | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 gained | cc |
| 24 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 gained | nsubj |
| 25 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 gained | aux |
| 26 | gained | gain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 said | parataxis |
| 27 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 others | nummod |
| 28 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 gained | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 30 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | grandfather | the grandson | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | lose in a quote | present · perfect | grandfather | the soldier's soul | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soul=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | gain in a quote | present · perfect | grandfather | two others | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/37/61/