Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 38, sentence 106
Iván Tsarévich had to leap behind the carriage, and knew very well that he had made a mistake, but it could not be cured.
Who acts: Iván · What happens: have, leap, know, make, not cure · To what, where: carriage, mistake · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 38. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 had | nsubj |
| 2 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Iván | flat |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 leap | mark |
| 5 | leap | leap | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 had | xcomp |
| 6 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 8 carriage | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 carriage | det |
| 8 | carriage | carriage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 leap | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 knew | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 knew | cc |
| 11 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 had | parataxis |
| 12 | very | very | ADV | _ | 13 well | advmod |
| 13 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 11 knew | advmod |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 made | mark |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 made | nsubj |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 made | aux |
| 17 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 knew | ccomp |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 mistake | det |
| 19 | mistake | mistake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 made | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 cured | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 cured | cc |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 cured | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 cured | aux |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 cured | advmod |
| 25 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 26 cured | aux:pass |
| 26 | cured | cure | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 made | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Iván | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | leap | to-infinitive | Iván not said here | the carriage | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind carriage=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | know | past | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | make | past · perfect | Iván | a mistake | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Product | ||||
| 5 | not cure | could · passive | mistake | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/38/106/