Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 112
So Danílo the Unfortunate invited them as guests; and the Swan-bird, the fair maiden, stepped out to her window, flapped her wings, shook her little head, and there was a bridge laid from her house to the palace of Prince Vladímir.
Who acts: Danílo, Swan bird, bridge · What happens: invite, step out, flap, shake, be, lay · To what, where: hoofs, window, wings, little head, bridge, house
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Danílo, Swan bird, bridge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 5 invited | advmod |
| 2 | Danílo | Danílo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 invited | nsubj |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Unfortunate | det |
| 4 | Unfortunate | Unfortunate | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Danílo | appos |
| 5 | invited | invite | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 invited | obj |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 guests | case |
| 8 | guests | guest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 invited | obl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 stepped | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 stepped | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 bird | det |
| 12 | Swan | Swan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 bird | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 Swan | punct |
| 14 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 stepped | nsubj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 maiden | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 maiden | det |
| 17 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 maiden | amod |
| 18 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 bird | appos |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 maiden | punct |
| 20 | stepped | step | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 invited | parataxis |
| 21 | out | out | ADP | _ | 20 stepped | compound:prt |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 window | case |
| 23 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 window | nmod:poss |
| 24 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 stepped | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 flapped | punct |
| 26 | flapped | flap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 stepped | conj |
| 27 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 wings | nmod:poss |
| 28 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 flapped | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 shook | punct |
| 30 | shook | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 flapped | conj |
| 31 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 head | nmod:poss |
| 32 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 head | amod |
| 33 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 shook | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 was | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 was | cc |
| 36 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 37 was | expl |
| 37 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 invited | parataxis |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 bridge | det |
| 39 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 was | nsubj |
| 40 | laid | lay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 bridge | acl |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 43 house | case |
| 42 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 house | nmod:poss |
| 43 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 laid | obl |
| 44 | to | to | ADP | _ | 46 palace | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 palace | det |
| 46 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 laid | obl |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 Vladímir | case |
| 48 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 Vladímir | nmod:desc |
| 49 | Vladímir | Vladímir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 palace | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 invited | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invite | past | Danílo | hoofs = hoof | as guests | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | |||
| 2 | step out | past | the Swan bird | guest's window | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to window=Destination | ||||
| 3 | flap | past | the Swan bird not said here | guest's wings | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient | ||||
| 4 | shake | past | the Swan bird not said here | guest's little head | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Patient | ||||
| 5 | be | past | a bridge | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | lay | participle | a bridge not said here | guest's house | to the palace of Vladímir Prince | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from house=Material |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/4/112/