Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 40, sentence 67
Hence the word _koshchéy_ came to be used in Russian as meaning a slave, or a groom, originally a captive slave from the Pólovtsy who fought the Russians for over two hundred years.
Who acts: word, captive slave · What happens: come, use, mean, fight · To what, where: groom, Russian, slave, Russians
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word, captive slave), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hence | hence | ADV | _ | 3 word | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 word | det |
| 3 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 came | nsubj |
| 4 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 5 koshchéy | punct |
| 5 | koshchéy | koshchéy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 word | appos |
| 6 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 5 koshchéy | punct |
| 7 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 used | mark |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 used | aux:pass |
| 10 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 came | advcl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 Russian | case |
| 12 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 used | obl |
| 13 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 14 meaning | mark |
| 14 | meaning | mean | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 used | advcl |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 slave | det |
| 16 | slave | slave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 meaning | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 groom | punct |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 20 groom | cc |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 groom | det |
| 20 | groom | groom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 came | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 slave | punct |
| 22 | originally | originally | ADV | _ | 25 slave | advmod |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 slave | det |
| 24 | captive | captive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 slave | amod |
| 25 | slave | slave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 groom | conj |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 Pólovtsy | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Pólovtsy | det |
| 28 | Pólovtsy | Pólovtsy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 slave | nmod |
| 29 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 fought | nsubj |
| 30 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 slave | parataxis |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Russians | det |
| 32 | Russians | Russian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 30 fought | obj |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 years | case |
| 34 | over | over | ADV | _ | 36 hundred | advmod |
| 35 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 hundred | compound |
| 36 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 years | nummod |
| 37 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 fought | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the word | a groom and a captive slave from the Pólovtsy | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | use | to-infinitive · passive | the word not said here | Russian | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» | ||||
| 3 | mean | gerund | the word not said here | a slave | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slave=Topic | ||||
| 4 | fight | past | a captive slave from the Pólovtsy | the Russians | year | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent russian=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/40/67/