Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 5, sentence 136
He saw a little hummock beside a silver birch, and on it all around ruby-red and azure flowers, and bulrushes standing above the flowers.
Who acts: shepherd, bulrushes · What happens: see, stand · To what, where: little hummock, silver birch, flowers
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherd, bulrushes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 saw | nsubj |
| 2 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 hummock | det |
| 4 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 hummock | amod |
| 5 | hummock | hummock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 saw | obj |
| 6 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 9 birch | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 birch | det |
| 8 | silver | silver | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 birch | amod |
| 9 | birch | birch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 saw | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 flowers | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 flowers | cc |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 it | case |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 flowers | obl |
| 14 | all | all | ADV | _ | 21 flowers | advmod |
| 15 | around | around | ADP | _ | 21 flowers | case |
| 16 | ruby | ruby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 flowers | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 ruby | punct |
| 18 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 flowers | amod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 azure | cc |
| 20 | azure | azure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 red | conj |
| 21 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 saw | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 bulrushes | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 bulrushes | cc |
| 24 | bulrushes | bulrush | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 flowers | conj |
| 25 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 bulrushes | acl |
| 26 | above | above | ADP | _ | 28 flowers | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 flowers | det |
| 28 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 standing | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | shepherd | a little hummock | a silver birch | around ruby red flowers on birch and bulrushes | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hummock=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | stand | gerund | bulrushes not said here | the flowers | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above flower=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/5/136/