Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 6, sentence 101
Very many were the hunters eager to become kinsmen of the King, and all of their heads had been hewn off and hung on stakes.
What happens: be, become, hewn off, hang · To what, where: many hunters, kinsmen, all, stakes
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Very | very | ADV | _ | 2 many | advmod |
| 2 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 hunters | amod |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 hunters | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 hunters | det |
| 5 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 eager | nsubj |
| 6 | eager | eager | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 become | mark |
| 8 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 eager | xcomp |
| 9 | kinsmen | kinsman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 become | xcomp |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 King | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 King | det |
| 12 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 kinsmen | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 hewn | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 hewn | cc |
| 15 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 hewn | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 heads | case |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 heads | nmod:poss |
| 18 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 all | nmod |
| 19 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 hewn | aux |
| 20 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 hewn | aux:pass |
| 21 | hewn | hewn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 eager | conj |
| 22 | off | off | ADP | _ | 21 hewn | compound:prt |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 hung | cc |
| 24 | hung | hang | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 hewn | conj |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 stakes | case |
| 26 | stakes | stake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 hung | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 eager | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | the many hunters | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | become | to-infinitive | kinsmen of the King | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | hewn off | past · perfect · passive | all of King's heads | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | hang | participle | stakes | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on stake=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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