Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 6, sentence 31
Then again the apple rolled about on the saucer, the crystal on the silver, and the sea could be seen billowing on the shore, and the ships swimming like swans, flags flying, issuing from the stern, and the noise of guns and cannon-smoke arriving like wreaths, all visible to the eye.
Who acts: apple, sea, ships, flags, cannon smoke, guns · What happens: roll about, see, billow, swim, fly, issue · To what, where: saucer, sea, shore, stern
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (apple, sea, ships, flags), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 again | advmod |
| 2 | again | again | ADV | _ | 5 rolled | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 apple | det |
| 4 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rolled | nsubj |
| 5 | rolled | roll | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | about | about | ADV | _ | 5 rolled | advmod |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 saucer | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 saucer | det |
| 9 | saucer | saucer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rolled | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 crystal | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 crystal | det |
| 12 | crystal | crystal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 saucer | appos |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 silver | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 silver | det |
| 15 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 crystal | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 seen | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 seen | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 sea | det |
| 19 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 seen | aux |
| 21 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 22 seen | aux:pass |
| 22 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 rolled | conj |
| 23 | billowing | billow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 seen | xcomp |
| 24 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 shore | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 shore | det |
| 26 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 billowing | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 visible | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 visible | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 ships | det |
| 30 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 57 visible | nsubj |
| 31 | swimming | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 ships | acl |
| 32 | like | like | ADP | _ | 33 swans | case |
| 33 | swans | swan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 swimming | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 flags | punct |
| 35 | flags | flag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 swans | conj |
| 36 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 flags | acl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 issuing | punct |
| 38 | issuing | issue | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 36 flying | conj |
| 39 | from | from | ADP | _ | 41 stern | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 stern | det |
| 41 | stern | stern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 issuing | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 visible | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 visible | cc |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 noise | det |
| 45 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 visible | nsubj |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 guns | case |
| 47 | guns | gun | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 noise | nmod |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 smoke | cc |
| 49 | cannon | cannon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 smoke | compound |
| 50 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 49 cannon | punct |
| 51 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 guns | conj |
| 52 | arriving | arrive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 51 smoke | acl |
| 53 | like | like | ADP | _ | 54 wreaths | case |
| 54 | wreaths | wreath | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 arriving | obl |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 visible | punct |
| 56 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 57 visible | det |
| 57 | visible | visible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 rolled | conj |
| 58 | to | to | ADP | _ | 60 eye | case |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 eye | det |
| 60 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 visible | obl |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 rolled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | roll about | past | the apple | the saucer | again; then | about property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on saucer=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | see | could · passive | the sea | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | billow | gerund | the sea not said here | the shore | vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on shore=Location | ||||
| 4 | swim | gerund | the ships not said here | like swans and flags | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | fly | gerund | flags not said here | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | issue | gerund | flags not said here | the stern | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | arrive | gerund | cannon smoke not said here | like wreaths | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | noise | guns and cannon smoke | nom noise «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/6/31/