Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 6, sentence 87
Next day the boy said to his new father, “The Nightingale foretells that a storm is brewing which will break the masts and shatter the sails.
Who acts: boy, Nightingale, storm · What happens: say, foretell, brew, break, shatter · To what, where: new father, masts, sails · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, Nightingale, storm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 day | amod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 boy | det |
| 4 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | nsubj |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 father | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 father | nmod:poss |
| 8 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 father | amod |
| 9 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 foretells | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 foretells | punct |
| 12 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Nightingale | det |
| 13 | Nightingale | Nightingale | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 foretells | nsubj |
| 14 | foretells | foretell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 said | conj |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 brewing | mark |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 storm | det |
| 17 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 brewing | nsubj |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 brewing | aux |
| 19 | brewing | brew | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 foretells | advcl |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 break | nsubj |
| 21 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 break | aux |
| 22 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 foretells | ccomp |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 masts | det |
| 24 | masts | mast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 break | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 shatter | cc |
| 26 | shatter | shatter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 break | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 sails | det |
| 28 | sails | sail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 shatter | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the boy | boy's new father | day | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to father=Recipient | |||
| 2 | foretell in a quote | present | the Nightingale | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | brew in a quote | present · progressive | a storm | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | break in a quote | future | the masts | which nsubj | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mast=Patient | ||||
| 5 | shatter in a quote | infinitive | the sails | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sail=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/6/87/