Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 7, sentence 104
So the apprentice took the hen, looked, and under the right wing he saw written in gold: “Whoever eats this hen’s head shall become a king, and whoever eats her liver shall spit out gold.”
Who acts: apprentice, Whoever, head, liver · What happens: take, look, write, eat, become, spit out · To what, where: hen, youth, right wing, king, gold · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (apprentice, Whoever, head, liver), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 took | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 apprentice | det |
| 3 | apprentice | apprentice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 took | nsubj |
| 4 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 hen | det |
| 6 | hen | hen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 took | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 looked | punct |
| 8 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 took | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 written | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 written | cc |
| 11 | under | under | ADP | _ | 14 wing | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 wing | det |
| 13 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 wing | amod |
| 14 | wing | wing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 written | obl |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 written | nsubj |
| 16 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 written | aux:pass |
| 17 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 took | advcl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 gold | case |
| 19 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 written | obl |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 eats | punct |
| 21 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 eats | punct |
| 22 | Whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 eats | nsubj |
| 23 | eats | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 took | conj |
| 24 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 25 hen | det |
| 25 | hen | hen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 head | nmod:poss |
| 26 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 25 hen | case |
| 27 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 become | nsubj |
| 28 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 become | aux |
| 29 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 eats | ccomp |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 king | det |
| 31 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 become | xcomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 eats | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 eats | cc |
| 34 | whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 eats | nsubj |
| 35 | eats | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 took | parataxis |
| 36 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 liver | nmod:poss |
| 37 | liver | liver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 spit | nsubj |
| 38 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 spit | aux |
| 39 | spit | spit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 eats | ccomp |
| 40 | out | out | ADP | _ | 39 spit | compound:prt |
| 41 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 spit | obj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 35 eats | punct |
| 43 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 eats | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the apprentice | the hen | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent hen=Theme clause=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | look | past | the apprentice not said here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | write | past · passive | youth | the right wing | in gold | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in gold=Destination | |||
| 4 | eat in a quote | present | Whoever | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | become in a quote | shall | this hen's head | a king | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | eat in a quote | present | whoever | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | spit out in a quote | shall | hen's liver | gold | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent gold=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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