Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 7, sentence 140
And he took a candle in his hand, and it lit up at once.
Who acts: hostess, candle · What happens: take, light up · To what, where: candle, hand
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hostess, candle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 took | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 took | nsubj |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 candle | det |
| 5 | candle | candle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 hand | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 hand | nmod:poss |
| 8 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 lit | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 lit | cc |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 lit | nsubj |
| 12 | lit | light | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 13 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 lit | compound:prt |
| 14 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 once | case |
| 15 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 12 lit | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | hostess | a candle | hostess's hand | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent candle=Value in hand=Location | |||
| 2 | light up | past | candle | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/7/140/