Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 26
And this is a whip: strike a maiden and say ‘You have been a maiden, now become a mare,’ and she will become a mare at once.”
Who acts: this, You, mare · What happens: be, strike, say, become · To what, where: whip, maiden, mare · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, You, mare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 whip | cc |
| 2 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 whip | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 whip | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 whip | det |
| 5 | whip | whip | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 strike | punct |
| 7 | strike | strike | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 5 whip | parataxis |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 maiden | det |
| 9 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 strike | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 say | cc |
| 11 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 strike | conj |
| 12 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 17 maiden | punct |
| 13 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 maiden | nsubj |
| 14 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 maiden | aux |
| 15 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 maiden | cop |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 maiden | det |
| 17 | maiden | maiden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 say | ccomp |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 become | punct |
| 19 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 become | advmod |
| 20 | become | become | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 7 strike | parataxis |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 mare | det |
| 22 | mare | mare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 become | xcomp |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 become | punct |
| 24 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 strike | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 become | cc |
| 26 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 become | nsubj |
| 27 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 become | aux |
| 28 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 strike | conj |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 mare | det |
| 30 | mare | mare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 become | xcomp |
| 31 | at | at | ADP | _ | 32 once | case |
| 32 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 28 become | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 whip | punct |
| 34 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 whip | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | this | a whip | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | strike | infinitive | a maiden | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent maiden=Patient | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | infinitive | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | is | present · perfect | You | maiden property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | become | infinitive | a mare | now | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | become | future | mare | a mare | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/8/26/