Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 27
“These are valuable gifts, and they are hard to divide.
Who acts: gifts · What happens: be, divide · To what, where: valuable gifts
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gifts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 gifts | punct |
| 2 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 5 gifts | det |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 gifts | cop |
| 4 | valuable | valuable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 gifts | amod |
| 5 | gifts | gift | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 hard | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 hard | cc |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 hard | nsubj |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 hard | cop |
| 10 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 gifts | conj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 divide | mark |
| 12 | divide | divide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 hard | xcomp |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 gifts | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | this valuable gifts | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | gifts = gift | hard property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | divide in a quote | to-infinitive | gifts = gift not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/8/27/