Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 32
But the doughty youth took the barrel and the whip, sat upon the flying carpet, waved it one end, and he rose higher than the forest that stood there, lower than the clouds above, and he flew whither he would.
Who acts: doughty youth, youth, forest · What happens: take, sit, fly, wave, rise, stand · To what, where: barrel, flying carpet
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (doughty youth, youth, forest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 took | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 youth | det |
| 3 | doughty | doughty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 youth | amod |
| 4 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 took | nsubj |
| 5 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 barrel | det |
| 7 | barrel | barrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 took | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 whip | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 whip | det |
| 10 | whip | whip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 barrel | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 sat | punct |
| 12 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 took | conj |
| 13 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 16 carpet | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 carpet | det |
| 15 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 carpet | amod |
| 16 | carpet | carpet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sat | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 waved | punct |
| 18 | waved | wave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 sat | conj |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 waved | obj |
| 20 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 end | nummod |
| 21 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 waved | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 rose | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 rose | cc |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 rose | nsubj |
| 25 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 took | conj |
| 26 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 25 rose | xcomp |
| 27 | than | than | ADP | _ | 29 forest | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 forest | det |
| 29 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 higher | obl |
| 30 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 stood | nsubj |
| 31 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 forest | acl:relcl |
| 32 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 31 stood | advmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 lower | punct |
| 34 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 31 stood | conj |
| 35 | than | than | ADP | _ | 37 clouds | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 clouds | det |
| 37 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 lower | obl |
| 38 | above | above | ADV | _ | 34 lower | advmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 flew | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 flew | cc |
| 41 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 flew | nsubj |
| 42 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 took | conj |
| 43 | whither | whither | ADV | PronType=Int | 45 would | advmod |
| 44 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 would | nsubj |
| 45 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 flew | advcl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the doughty youth | the barrel and the whip | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barrel=Theme | ||||
| 2 | sit | past | the doughty youth not said here | the flying carpet | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon carpet=Location | ||||
| 3 | fly | gerund | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | wave | past | the doughty youth not said here | barrel | one end | tree rules | |||
| 5 | rise | past | youth | high property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | stand | past | the forest | there | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | fly | past | youth | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/8/32/