Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 9, sentence 175
“Who is he?” said the pope, pointing to the boy.
Who acts: servant · What happens: be, say, point · To what, where: servant, pope, boy · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (servant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 2 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 he | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 he | cop |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 he | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 he | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 pope | det |
| 9 | pope | pope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 pointing | punct |
| 11 | pointing | point | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 said | advcl |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 boy | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 boy | det |
| 14 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 pointing | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | servant | Who nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | servant | the pope | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent pope=Topic | ||||
| 3 | point | gerund | servant not said here | the boy | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to boy=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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