Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Almet., sentence 13
Do those on whom hereditary diamonds sparkle with unregarded lustre, gain from the possession what is lost by the wretch who seeks them in the mine; who lives excluded from the common bounties of nature; to whom even the vicissitude of day and night is not known; who sighs in perpetual darkness, and whose life is one alternative of insensibility and labour?
Who acts: you, hereditary diamonds, wretch, possession, life · What happens: do, sparkle, gain, lose, seek, exclude · To what, where: those, possession, possessions, mine, common bounties, vicissitude
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Almet.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, hereditary diamonds, wretch, possession), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Do | do | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 1 Do | obj |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 4 whom | case |
| 4 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 1 Do | obl |
| 5 | hereditary | hereditary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 diamonds | amod |
| 6 | diamonds | diamond | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 sparkle | nsubj |
| 7 | sparkle | sparkle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 whom | acl:relcl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 lustre | case |
| 9 | unregarded | unregarded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 lustre | amod |
| 10 | lustre | lustre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 sparkle | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 gain | punct |
| 12 | gain | gain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 1 Do | parataxis |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 possession | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 possession | det |
| 15 | possession | possession | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gain | obl |
| 16 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 18 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 lost | aux:pass |
| 18 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 possession | acl:relcl |
| 19 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 wretch | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 wretch | det |
| 21 | wretch | wretch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 lost | obl |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 seeks | nsubj |
| 23 | seeks | seek | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 wretch | acl:relcl |
| 24 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 seeks | obj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 mine | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 mine | det |
| 27 | mine | mine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 seeks | obl |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 excluded | punct |
| 29 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 excluded | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 excluded | aux:pass |
| 31 | excluded | exclude | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 possession | acl |
| 32 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 bounties | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 bounties | det |
| 34 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 bounties | amod |
| 35 | bounties | bounty | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 excluded | obl |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 nature | case |
| 37 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 bounties | nmod |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 whom | punct |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 whom | case |
| 40 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 excluded | parataxis |
| 41 | even | even | ADV | _ | 43 vicissitude | advmod |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 vicissitude | det |
| 43 | vicissitude | vicissitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 known | nsubj:pass |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 day | case |
| 45 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 vicissitude | nmod |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 night | cc |
| 47 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 vicissitude | conj |
| 48 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 50 known | aux:pass |
| 49 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 50 known | advmod |
| 50 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 whom | acl:relcl |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 53 sighs | punct |
| 52 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 53 sighs | nsubj |
| 53 | sighs | sigh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 possession | conj |
| 54 | in | in | ADP | _ | 56 darkness | case |
| 55 | perpetual | perpetual | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 darkness | compound |
| 56 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 sighs | obl |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 alternative | punct |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 63 alternative | cc |
| 59 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 60 life | nmod:poss |
| 60 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 alternative | nsubj |
| 61 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 63 alternative | cop |
| 62 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 63 alternative | nummod |
| 63 | alternative | alternative | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 possession | conj |
| 64 | of | of | ADP | _ | 65 insensibility | case |
| 65 | insensibility | insensibility | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 alternative | nmod |
| 66 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 labour | cc |
| 67 | labour | labour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 insensibility | conj |
| 68 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Do | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | imperative | you not said here | those | whom obl | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | sparkle | present | hereditary diamonds | with unregarded lustre | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with lustre=Theme | ||||
| 3 | gain | infinitive | the possession and one alternative | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | lose | present · passive | the wretch | the possession and one alternative | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | seek | present | the wretch | possessions = possession | the mine | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme in mine=Location | |||
| 6 | exclude | present · passive | the possession and one alternative | the common bounties of nature | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Beneficiary from bounty=Eventuality | ||||
| 7 | not know | present · passive | the vicissitude of day and night | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 8 | sigh | present | the possession and one alternative | in perpetual darkness | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in darkness=Theme | ||||
| 9 | is a | present | one alternative's life | one alternative | of insensibility and labour | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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