Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Almet, Concluded., sentence 4
At a second view, I discovered a man in this valley, meagre indeed and naked, but his countenance was cheerful, and his deportment active; he kept his eye fixed upon the country before him, and looked as if he would have run, but that he was restrained, as the other had been impelled, by some secret influence: sometimes, indeed, I perceived a sudden impression of pain, and sometimes he stepped short, as if his foot was pierced by the asperities of the way; but the sprightliness of his countenance instantly returned, and he pressed forward without appearance of repining or complaint.
Who acts: I, countenance, deportment, eye, secret influence, asperities · What happens: discover, be, keep, fix, look, run · To what, where: man, second view, eye, countenance, other, sudden impression
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Almet, Concluded.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, countenance, deportment, eye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 4 view | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 view | det |
| 3 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 view | amod |
| 4 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 discovered | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 view | punct |
| 6 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 discovered | nsubj |
| 7 | discovered | discover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 man | det |
| 9 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 discovered | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 valley | case |
| 11 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 valley | det |
| 12 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 discovered | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 meagre | punct |
| 14 | meagre | meagre | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 valley | amod |
| 15 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 14 meagre | advmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 naked | cc |
| 17 | naked | naked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 meagre | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 cheerful | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 cheerful | cc |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 countenance | nmod:poss |
| 21 | countenance | countenance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 cheerful | nsubj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 cheerful | cop |
| 23 | cheerful | cheerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 discovered | parataxis |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 active | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 active | cc |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 deportment | nmod:poss |
| 27 | deportment | deportment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 active | nsubj |
| 28 | active | active | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 cheerful | conj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 kept | punct |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 kept | nsubj |
| 31 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 discovered | conj |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 eye | nmod:poss |
| 33 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 kept | obj |
| 34 | fixed | fix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 kept | xcomp |
| 35 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 37 country | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 country | det |
| 37 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 fixed | obl |
| 38 | before | before | ADP | _ | 39 him | case |
| 39 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 fixed | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 looked | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 looked | cc |
| 42 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 discovered | conj |
| 43 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 48 run | mark |
| 44 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 48 run | mark |
| 45 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 run | nsubj |
| 46 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 48 run | aux |
| 47 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 48 run | aux |
| 48 | run | run | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 42 looked | ccomp |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 restrained | punct |
| 50 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 54 restrained | cc |
| 51 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 54 restrained | mark |
| 52 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 restrained | nsubj |
| 53 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 restrained | aux:pass |
| 54 | restrained | restrain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 discovered | parataxis |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 impelled | punct |
| 56 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 61 impelled | mark |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 other | det |
| 58 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 61 impelled | nsubj:pass |
| 59 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 61 impelled | aux |
| 60 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 61 impelled | aux:pass |
| 61 | impelled | impel | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 54 restrained | conj |
| 62 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 influence | punct |
| 63 | by | by | ADP | _ | 66 influence | case |
| 64 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 66 influence | det |
| 65 | secret | secret | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 influence | amod |
| 66 | influence | influence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 impelled | obl |
| 67 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 73 perceived | punct |
| 68 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 73 perceived | advmod |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 sometimes | punct |
| 70 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 73 perceived | advmod |
| 71 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 indeed | punct |
| 72 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 73 perceived | nsubj |
| 73 | perceived | perceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 66 influence | conj |
| 74 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 76 impression | det |
| 75 | sudden | sudden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 76 impression | amod |
| 76 | impression | impression | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 perceived | obj |
| 77 | of | of | ADP | _ | 78 pain | case |
| 78 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 76 impression | nmod |
| 79 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 83 stepped | punct |
| 80 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 83 stepped | cc |
| 81 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 83 stepped | advmod |
| 82 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 83 stepped | nsubj |
| 83 | stepped | step | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 73 perceived | parataxis |
| 84 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 83 stepped | xcomp |
| 85 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 91 pierced | punct |
| 86 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 91 pierced | mark |
| 87 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 91 pierced | mark |
| 88 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 89 foot | nmod:poss |
| 89 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 91 pierced | nsubj:pass |
| 90 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 91 pierced | aux:pass |
| 91 | pierced | pierce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 83 stepped | conj |
| 92 | by | by | ADP | _ | 94 asperities | case |
| 93 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 94 asperities | det |
| 94 | asperities | asperity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 91 pierced | obl |
| 95 | of | of | ADP | _ | 97 way | case |
| 96 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 97 way | det |
| 97 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 94 asperities | nmod |
| 98 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 101 sprightliness | punct |
| 99 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 101 sprightliness | cc |
| 100 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 101 sprightliness | det |
| 101 | sprightliness | sprightliness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 106 returned | nsubj |
| 102 | of | of | ADP | _ | 104 countenance | case |
| 103 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 104 countenance | nmod:poss |
| 104 | countenance | countenance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 101 sprightliness | nmod |
| 105 | instantly | instantly | ADV | _ | 106 returned | advmod |
| 106 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 discovered | parataxis |
| 107 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 110 pressed | punct |
| 108 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 110 pressed | cc |
| 109 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 110 pressed | nsubj |
| 110 | pressed | press | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 discovered | parataxis |
| 111 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 110 pressed | advmod |
| 112 | without | without | ADP | _ | 113 appearance | case |
| 113 | appearance | appearance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 110 pressed | obl |
| 114 | of | of | ADP | _ | 115 repining | case |
| 115 | repining | repining | NOUN | Number=Sing | 113 appearance | nmod |
| 116 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 117 complaint | cc |
| 117 | complaint | complaint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 115 repining | conj |
| 118 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 discovered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | discover | past | I | a man | a second view | in this valley | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Topic | ||
| 2 | is | past | valley's countenance | cheerful property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | countenance's deportment | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | keep | past | countenance | countenance's eye | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | fix | participle | countenance's eye not said here | before countenance | upon the country | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||
| 6 | look | past | I not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | run a condition, not said to happen | would · perfect | countenance | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | restrain | past · passive | countenance | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 9 | impel | past · perfect · passive | some secret influence | the other | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 10 | perceive | past | I | a sudden impression of pain | indeed, sometimes property | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer impression=Stimulus | |||
| 11 | step | past | countenance | short, sometimes property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 12 | pierce a condition, not said to happen | past · passive | the asperities of the way | countenance's foot | vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 13 | return | past | the sprightliness of countenance's countenance | instantly property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 14 | press forward | past | countenance | without appearance of repining or complaint; forward property | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 15 | impress | pain | nom impression «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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