Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Merchant and His Sons., sentence 5
The young man was much dejected with this treatment; but, considering that in his father’s life-time he had acquired some knowledge of business, he applied to a neighbouring merchant, offering to serve him in the way of trade.
Who acts: man · What happens: deject, consider, acquire, apply, offer, serve · To what, where: young man, life time, man, way
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Merchant and His Sons.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 man | det |
| 2 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 man | amod |
| 3 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 dejected | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 dejected | aux:pass |
| 5 | much | much | ADV | _ | 6 dejected | advmod |
| 6 | dejected | deject | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 treatment | case |
| 8 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 treatment | det |
| 9 | treatment | treatment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 dejected | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 applied | punct |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 31 applied | cc |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 considering | punct |
| 13 | considering | consider | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 applied | advcl |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 acquired | mark |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 father | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 father | nmod:poss |
| 17 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 time | nmod:poss |
| 18 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 17 father | case |
| 19 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 time | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 life | punct |
| 21 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 acquired | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 acquired | nsubj |
| 23 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 acquired | aux |
| 24 | acquired | acquire | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 considering | ccomp |
| 25 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 26 knowledge | det |
| 26 | knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 acquired | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 business | case |
| 28 | business | business | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 knowledge | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 considering | punct |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 applied | nsubj |
| 31 | applied | apply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 dejected | conj |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 merchant | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 merchant | det |
| 34 | neighbouring | neighbouring | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 merchant | amod |
| 35 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 applied | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 offering | punct |
| 37 | offering | offer | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 applied | advcl |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 serve | mark |
| 39 | serve | serve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 offering | xcomp |
| 40 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 serve | obj |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 way | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 way | det |
| 43 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 serve | obl |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 trade | case |
| 45 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 way | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 dejected | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | deject | past · passive | the young man | with this treatment | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | consider | gerund | man not said here | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | acquire | past · perfect · passive | man's father's life time | man nsubj; some knowledge of business obj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | apply | past | man | to a neighbouring merchant | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | offer | gerund | man not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | serve not said to happen | to-infinitive | man not said here | man | the way of trade | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent he=Value in way=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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