Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Obidah., sentence 23
At length not fear but labour began to overcome him; his breath grew short, and his knees trembled, and he was on the point of lying down in resignation to his fate, when he beheld through the branches the glimmer of a taper.
Who acts: breath, knees, Work, point, taper · What happens: begin, overcome, grow, tremble, be, lie down · To what, where: length, Work, point, resignation, glimmer, branches
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Obidah.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (breath, knees, Work, point), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 length | case |
| 2 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 began | obl |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 fear | advmod |
| 4 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 length | nmod |
| 5 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 6 labour | cc |
| 6 | labour | labour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 fear | conj |
| 7 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 overcome | mark |
| 9 | overcome | overcome | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 began | xcomp |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 overcome | obj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 grew | punct |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 breath | nmod:poss |
| 13 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 grew | nsubj |
| 14 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 began | conj |
| 15 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 grew | xcomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 trembled | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 trembled | cc |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 knees | nmod:poss |
| 19 | knees | knee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 trembled | nsubj |
| 20 | trembled | tremble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 began | parataxis |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 point | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 point | cc |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 point | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 point | cop |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 point | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 point | det |
| 27 | point | point | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 trembled | conj |
| 28 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 29 lying | mark |
| 29 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 point | acl |
| 30 | down | down | ADV | _ | 29 lying | advmod |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 resignation | case |
| 32 | resignation | resignation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 lying | obl |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 fate | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 fate | nmod:poss |
| 35 | fate | fate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 lying | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 beheld | punct |
| 37 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 39 beheld | advmod |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 beheld | nsubj |
| 39 | beheld | behold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 trembled | conj |
| 40 | through | through | ADP | _ | 42 branches | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 branches | det |
| 42 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 beheld | obl |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 glimmer | det |
| 44 | glimmer | glimmer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 beheld | obj |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 taper | case |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 taper | det |
| 47 | taper | taper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 glimmer | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | length fear but labour | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | overcome | to-infinitive | Work | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot he=Theme | |||||
| 3 | grow | past | Work's breath | short property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | tremble | past | Work's knees | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | is | past | Work | the point | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | lie down | gerund | the point not said here | resignation | to Work's fate; down property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in resignation=Location | |||
| 7 | behold | past | Work | the glimmer of a taper | the branches | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer glimmer=Stimulus | |||
| 8 | fate | Work | nom fate «event transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 9 | glimmer | a taper | nom glimmer «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62868/21/23/