Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, Story of Mencius., sentence 11
“A thousand times,” cries the hermit; “they every day loaded me with professions of gratitude for favours received, and solicitations for future ones.”—“If, then, (says Mencius smiling) you did not lend your fortune in order to have it returned, it is injustice to accuse them of ingratitude; they owned themselves obliged; you expected no more; and they certainly earn a favour who stoop to acknowledge the obligation.”—The hermit was struck with the reply; and, surveying his guest with emotion, “I have heard of the great Mencius, and thou certainly art the man.
Who acts: thousand times, staff, Mencius, you, fortune, favour · What happens: cry, load, receive, say, smile, not lend · To what, where: hermit, thousand times, favours, fortune, injustice, staff · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Story of Mencius.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thousand times, staff, Mencius, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 times | punct |
| 2 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 thousand | det |
| 3 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 times | nummod |
| 4 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 cries | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 times | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 times | punct |
| 7 | cries | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 hermit | det |
| 9 | hermit | hermit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cries | obj |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 loaded | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 loaded | punct |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 loaded | nsubj |
| 13 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 day | det |
| 14 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 they | obl:unmarked |
| 15 | loaded | load | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 cries | conj |
| 16 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 loaded | obj |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 professions | case |
| 18 | professions | profession | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 loaded | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 gratitude | case |
| 20 | gratitude | gratitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 professions | nmod |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 favours | case |
| 22 | favours | favour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 gratitude | nmod |
| 23 | received | receive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 favours | acl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 solicitations | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 solicitations | cc |
| 26 | solicitations | solicitation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 cries | appos |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 ones | case |
| 28 | future | future | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 ones | amod |
| 29 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 solicitations | nmod |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 solicitations | punct |
| 31 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 solicitations | punct |
| 32 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 says | punct |
| 33 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 says | punct |
| 34 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 39 says | mark |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 says | punct |
| 36 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 39 says | advmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 says | punct |
| 38 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 39 says | punct |
| 39 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 cries | conj |
| 40 | Mencius | Mencius | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 says | nsubj |
| 41 | smiling | smile | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 40 Mencius | acl |
| 42 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 40 Mencius | punct |
| 43 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 46 lend | nsubj |
| 44 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 lend | aux |
| 45 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 46 lend | advmod |
| 46 | lend | lend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 says | ccomp |
| 47 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 fortune | nmod:poss |
| 48 | fortune | fortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 lend | obj |
| 49 | in | in | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 52 have | mark |
| 50 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 in | fixed |
| 51 | to | to | PART | _ | 52 have | mark |
| 52 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 lend | advcl |
| 53 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 have | obj |
| 54 | returned | return | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 52 have | xcomp |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 injustice | punct |
| 56 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 injustice | nsubj |
| 57 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 58 injustice | cop |
| 58 | injustice | injustice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 lend | conj |
| 59 | to | to | PART | _ | 60 accuse | mark |
| 60 | accuse | accuse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 58 injustice | acl |
| 61 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 60 accuse | obj |
| 62 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 ingratitude | case |
| 63 | ingratitude | ingratitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 accuse | obl |
| 64 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 66 owned | punct |
| 65 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 66 owned | nsubj |
| 66 | owned | own | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 cries | parataxis |
| 67 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 66 owned | obj |
| 68 | obliged | oblige | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 66 owned | xcomp |
| 69 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 71 expected | punct |
| 70 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 71 expected | nsubj |
| 71 | expected | expect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 66 owned | conj |
| 72 | no | no | ADV | _ | 73 more | advmod |
| 73 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 71 expected | obj |
| 74 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 78 earn | punct |
| 75 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 78 earn | cc |
| 76 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 78 earn | nsubj |
| 77 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 78 earn | advmod |
| 78 | earn | earn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 cries | conj |
| 79 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 80 favour | det |
| 80 | favour | favour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 78 earn | obj |
| 81 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 82 stoop | nsubj |
| 82 | stoop | stoop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 80 favour | acl:relcl |
| 83 | to | to | PART | _ | 84 acknowledge | mark |
| 84 | acknowledge | acknowledge | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 82 stoop | xcomp |
| 85 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 86 obligation | det |
| 86 | obligation | obligation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 acknowledge | obj |
| 87 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 78 earn | punct |
| 88 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 78 earn | punct |
| 89 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 93 struck | punct |
| 90 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 91 hermit | det |
| 91 | hermit | hermit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 93 struck | nsubj:pass |
| 92 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 93 struck | aux:pass |
| 93 | struck | strike | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 cries | conj |
| 94 | with | with | ADP | _ | 96 reply | case |
| 95 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 96 reply | det |
| 96 | reply | reply | NOUN | Number=Sing | 93 struck | obl |
| 97 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 100 surveying | punct |
| 98 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 100 surveying | cc |
| 99 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 100 surveying | punct |
| 100 | surveying | survey | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 cries | conj |
| 101 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 102 guest | nmod:poss |
| 102 | guest | guest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 100 surveying | obj |
| 103 | with | with | ADP | _ | 104 emotion | case |
| 104 | emotion | emotion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 100 surveying | obl |
| 105 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 109 heard | punct |
| 106 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 109 heard | punct |
| 107 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 109 heard | nsubj |
| 108 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 109 heard | aux |
| 109 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 100 surveying | parataxis |
| 110 | of | of | ADP | _ | 113 Mencius | case |
| 111 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 113 Mencius | det |
| 112 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 113 Mencius | amod |
| 113 | Mencius | Mencius | PROPN | Number=Sing | 109 heard | obl |
| 114 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 118 art | punct |
| 115 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 118 art | cc |
| 116 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 118 art | nsubj |
| 117 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 118 art | advmod |
| 118 | art | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 cries | conj |
| 119 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 120 man | det |
| 120 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 118 art | obj |
| 121 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 cries | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cry speech: express | present | thousand times | the hermit | solicitations for future ones appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | load in a quote | past | staff | thousand times = time | with professions of gratitude for favours | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent i=Destination with profession=Theme | |||
| 3 | receive in a quote | participle | favours not said here | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | Mencius | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | smile in a quote | gerund | Mencius not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | not lend in a quote | past · do-support | you | your fortune | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fortune=Theme | ||||
| 7 | have in a quote | to-infinitive | you not said here | fortune | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | return in a quote | participle | fortune not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | is a in a quote | present | fortune | injustice | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | accuse in a quote | to-infinitive | you not said here | staff | of ingratitude | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent they=Theme of ingratitude=Attribute | |||
| 11 | own in a quote | past | staff | staff | tree rules | ||||
| 12 | oblige in a quote | participle | staff not said here | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 13 | expect in a quote | past | you | more | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme | ||||
| 14 | earn in a quote | present | staff | a favour | certainly property | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent favour=Theme | |||
| 15 | stoop in a quote | present | a favour | tree rules | |||||
| 16 | acknowledge in a quote | to-infinitive | a favour not said here | the obligation | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent obligation=Topic | ||||
| 17 | strike | past · passive | the hermit | with the reply | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with reply=Instrument | ||||
| 18 | survey | gerund | thousand times not said here | Mencius's guest | with emotion | tree rules | |||
| 19 | hear in a quote | present · perfect | the philosopher = philosopher | of the great Mencius | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of mencius=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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