Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, Hamet and Raschid., sentence 1
When the plains of India were burnt up by a long continuance of drought, Hamet and Raschid, two neighbouring shepherds, faint with thirst, stood at the common boundary of their grounds, with their flocks and herds panting round them, and in extremity of distress prayed for water.
Who acts: long continuance, flocks, drought · What happens: burnt up, stand, pant, pray, continue · To what, where: plains, common boundary, distress
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Hamet and Raschid.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (long continuance, flocks, drought), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 7 burnt | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 plains | det |
| 3 | plains | plain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 burnt | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 India | case |
| 5 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 plains | nmod |
| 6 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 burnt | aux:pass |
| 7 | burnt | burnt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | up | up | ADP | _ | 7 burnt | compound:prt |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 continuance | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 continuance | det |
| 11 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 continuance | amod |
| 12 | continuance | continuance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 burnt | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 drought | case |
| 14 | drought | drought | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 continuance | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 Hamet | punct |
| 16 | Hamet | Hamet | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 continuance | appos |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 Raschid | cc |
| 18 | Raschid | Raschid | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Hamet | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 shepherds | punct |
| 20 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 shepherds | nummod |
| 21 | neighbouring | neighbouring | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 shepherds | amod |
| 22 | shepherds | shepherd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 Hamet | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 faint | punct |
| 24 | faint | faint | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 shepherds | amod |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 thirst | case |
| 26 | thirst | thirst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 faint | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 stood | punct |
| 28 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 burnt | conj |
| 29 | at | at | ADP | _ | 32 boundary | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 boundary | det |
| 31 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 boundary | amod |
| 32 | boundary | boundary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 stood | obl |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 grounds | case |
| 34 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 grounds | nmod:poss |
| 35 | grounds | grounds | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 32 boundary | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 flocks | punct |
| 37 | with | with | ADP | _ | 39 flocks | case |
| 38 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 flocks | nmod:poss |
| 39 | flocks | flock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 stood | obl |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 herds | cc |
| 41 | herds | herd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 flocks | conj |
| 42 | panting | pant | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 flocks | acl |
| 43 | round | round | ADP | _ | 44 them | case |
| 44 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 panting | obl |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 extremity | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 extremity | cc |
| 47 | in | in | ADP | _ | 48 extremity | case |
| 48 | extremity | extremity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 stood | obl |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 distress | case |
| 50 | distress | distress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 extremity | nmod |
| 51 | prayed | pray | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 distress | acl |
| 52 | for | for | ADP | _ | 53 water | case |
| 53 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 prayed | obl |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 burnt | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | burnt up | past · passive | a long continuance of drought | the plains of India | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | stand | past | a long continuance of drought not said here | the common boundary of plains's grounds | with plains's flocks and herds; in extremity of distress | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at boundary=Location | |||
| 3 | pant | gerund | plains's flocks and herds not said here | round plains = plain | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | pray | participle | distress not said here | for water | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for water=Theme | ||||
| 5 | continue | drought | nom continuance «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62868/5/1/