Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, Hamet and Raschid., sentence 2
On a sudden the air was becalmed, the birds ceased to chirp, and the flocks to bleat.
Who acts: birds, flocks · What happens: becalm, cease, chirp, bleat · To what, where: sudden air, birds
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Hamet and Raschid.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birds, flocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 5 air | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 air | det |
| 3 | sudden | sudden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 air | amod |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 air | det |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 becalmed | obl |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 becalmed | aux:pass |
| 7 | becalmed | becalm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 birds | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 birds | det |
| 10 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 becalmed | obl:agent |
| 11 | ceased | cease | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 birds | acl |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 chirp | mark |
| 13 | chirp | chirp | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 ceased | xcomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 bleat | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 bleat | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 flocks | det |
| 17 | flocks | flock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 bleat | nsubj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 bleat | mark |
| 19 | bleat | bleat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 becalmed | conj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 becalmed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | becalm | past · passive | the birds | a sudden air | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | cease | participle | the birds not said here | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | chirp | to-infinitive | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | bleat | to-infinitive | the flocks | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62868/5/2/