The Yellow Fairy Book, In the Land of Souls (21), sentence 15

The only thing that was different was the snow, which had lain thick upon the hills and trees when he started, but grew less and less the farther he went south, till it disappeared altogether.

Who acts: only thing, thing, snow · What happens: be, lie, start, grow, go, disappear · To what, where: snow

This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, In the Land of Souls (21). The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (only thing, thing, snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 thing	det
2	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 thing	amod
3	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 snow	nsubj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 different	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 different	cop
6	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 thing	acl:relcl
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 snow	cop
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 snow	det
9	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 lain	punct
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 lain	nsubj:pass
12	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 lain	aux
13	lain	lie	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 snow	acl:relcl
14	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 lain	xcomp
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	17 hills	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 hills	det
17	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 lain	obl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 trees	cc
19	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 hills	conj
20	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	22 started	advmod
21	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 started	nsubj
22	started	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 lain	advcl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 grew	punct
24	but	but	CCONJ	_	25 grew	cc
25	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 started	conj
26	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	25 grew	advmod
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 less	cc
28	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	26 less	conj
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 farther	det
30	farther	far	ADV	Degree=Cmp	32 went	advmod
31	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 went	nsubj
32	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 grew	advcl
33	south	south	ADV	_	32 went	advmod
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 disappeared	punct
35	till	till	SCONJ	_	37 disappeared	mark
36	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 disappeared	nsubj
37	disappeared	disappear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 went	conj
38	altogether	altogether	ADV	_	37 disappeared	advmod
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 snow	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	the only thing		different property	tree rules
2	is a	past	the only thing	the snow		tree rules
3	lie	past · perfect · passive		the snow	upon the hills and trees; thick property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
4	start	past	thing			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
5	grow	past	thing not said here		less property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	go	past	thing		far, south property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	disappear	past	snow		altogether property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/28/15/