The Violet Fairy Book, The Envious Neighbour, sentence 45

The old man had not been waiting very long before he saw a cloud of dust in the far distance, and knew that it must be the procession of the Daimio.

Who acts: old man, man, cloud · What happens: not wait, see, know, be, cloud · To what, where: cloud, procession, dust · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Envious Neighbour. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, man, cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 man	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 man	amod
3	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 waiting	nsubj
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 waiting	aux
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 waiting	advmod
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 waiting	aux
7	waiting	wait	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	very	very	ADV	_	9 long	advmod
9	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 waiting	advmod
10	before	before	SCONJ	_	12 saw	mark
11	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 saw	nsubj
12	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 waiting	advcl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 cloud	det
14	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 saw	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 dust	case
16	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 cloud	nmod
17	in	in	ADP	_	20 distance	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 distance	det
19	far	far	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 distance	amod
20	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 cloud	nmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 knew	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 knew	cc
23	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 saw	conj
24	that	that	SCONJ	_	29 procession	mark
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 procession	nsubj
26	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	29 procession	aux
27	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	29 procession	cop
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 procession	det
29	procession	procession	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 knew	ccomp
30	of	of	ADP	_	32 Daimio	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 Daimio	det
32	Daimio	Daimio	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 procession	nmod
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 waiting	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not wait	past · perfect · progressive	the old man		long property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	see	past	man	a cloud of dust	in the far distance	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cloud=Stimulus
3	know	past	man not said here			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4	is a	must	cloud	the procession	of the Daimio	tree rules
5	cloud			dust	in the far distance	nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient in=obl

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/18/45/