The Violet Fairy Book, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 2, sentence 104
But Petru was no coward; the fight he had gone through had strengthened his powers of endurance, and he stood the test bravely.
Who acts: Petru, fight · What happens: be, go through, strengthen, stand · To what, where: coward, test
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Petru, fight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 strengthened | cc |
| 2 | Petru | Petru | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 coward | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 coward | cop |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 coward | det |
| 5 | coward | coward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 strengthened | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 gone | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 fight | det |
| 8 | fight | fight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 gone | nsubj |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 gone | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 gone | aux |
| 11 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 coward | parataxis |
| 12 | through | through | ADP | _ | 11 gone | obl |
| 13 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 strengthened | aux |
| 14 | strengthened | strengthen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 powers | nmod:poss |
| 16 | powers | power | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 strengthened | obj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 endurance | case |
| 18 | endurance | endurance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 powers | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 stood | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 stood | cc |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 stood | nsubj |
| 22 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 strengthened | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 test | det |
| 24 | test | test | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 stood | obj |
| 25 | bravely | bravely | ADV | _ | 22 stood | advmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 strengthened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Petru | no coward | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | go through | past · perfect | the fight | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | strengthen | past · perfect · passive | no coward | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | stand | past | Petru | the test | bravely property | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer test=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/20/104/