The Violet Fairy Book, The Underground Workers, sentence 78
After thinking it over till he was nearly mad, he tried at last to believe that one night between Christmas and the New Year he had met a stranger in the forest, and had slept all night in his company before a big fire; the next day they had dined together, and had drunk a great deal more than was good for them--in short, he had spent two whole days revelling with another man.
Who acts: friend, Christmas, two whole days · What happens: think over, be, try, believe, meet, sleep · To what, where: memory, stranger, forest, great deal
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Underground Workers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend, Christmas, two whole days), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | SCONJ | _ | 2 thinking | mark |
| 2 | thinking | think | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 tried | advcl |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 thinking | obj |
| 4 | over | over | ADP | _ | 2 thinking | compound:prt |
| 5 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 9 mad | mark |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 mad | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 mad | cop |
| 8 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 9 mad | advmod |
| 9 | mad | mad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 thinking | advcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 thinking | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 tried | nsubj |
| 12 | tried | try | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 last | case |
| 14 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 tried | xcomp |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 believe | mark |
| 16 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 last | xcomp |
| 17 | that | that | ADP | _ | 19 night | case |
| 18 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 night | nummod |
| 19 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 believe | obl |
| 20 | between | between | ADP | _ | 21 Christmas | case |
| 21 | Christmas | Christmas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 night | nmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 Year | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 Year | det |
| 24 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Year | compound |
| 25 | Year | Year | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Christmas | conj |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 met | nsubj |
| 27 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 met | aux |
| 28 | met | meet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 night | acl:relcl |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 stranger | det |
| 30 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 met | obj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 forest | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 forest | det |
| 33 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 stranger | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 slept | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 slept | cc |
| 36 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 slept | aux |
| 37 | slept | sleep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 tried | conj |
| 38 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 39 night | det |
| 39 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 slept | obl:unmarked |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 company | case |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 company | nmod:poss |
| 42 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 night | nmod |
| 43 | before | before | ADP | _ | 46 fire | case |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 fire | det |
| 45 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 fire | amod |
| 46 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 slept | obl |
| 47 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 53 dined | punct |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 day | det |
| 49 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 day | amod |
| 50 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 dined | obl:unmarked |
| 51 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 dined | nsubj |
| 52 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 53 dined | aux |
| 53 | dined | dine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 tried | conj |
| 54 | together | together | ADV | _ | 53 dined | advmod |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 drunk | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 drunk | cc |
| 57 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 58 drunk | aux |
| 58 | drunk | drink | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 53 dined | parataxis |
| 59 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 61 deal | det |
| 60 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 61 deal | amod |
| 61 | deal | deal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 drunk | obj |
| 62 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 65 good | advmod |
| 63 | than | than | ADP | _ | 65 good | case |
| 64 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 65 good | cop |
| 65 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 drunk | advcl |
| 66 | for | for | ADP | _ | 67 them | case |
| 67 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 65 good | obl |
| 68 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 70 short | punct |
| 69 | in | in | ADP | _ | 70 short | case |
| 70 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 drunk | conj |
| 71 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 spent | punct |
| 72 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 74 spent | nsubj |
| 73 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 74 spent | aux |
| 74 | spent | spend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 70 short | parataxis |
| 75 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 77 days | nummod |
| 76 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 77 days | amod |
| 77 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 74 spent | obj |
| 78 | revelling | revell | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 77 days | acl |
| 79 | with | with | ADP | _ | 81 man | case |
| 80 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 81 man | det |
| 81 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 78 revelling | obl |
| 82 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 tried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think over speech: other | gerund | friend not said here | memory | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | past | friend | mad, nearly property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | try | past | friend | last property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | believe | to-infinitive | friend not said here | night | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | meet | past · perfect | friend | a stranger | the forest | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stranger=Co-Agent | |||
| 6 | sleep | past · perfect | friend not said here | before a big fire; night | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | dine | past · perfect | Christmas | day | together property | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 8 | drink | past · perfect | a great deal | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deal=Patient | |||||
| 9 | is | past | for Christmas; good property | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | spend | past · perfect | friend | day | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 11 | revell | gerund | two whole days not said here | with another man | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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