The Violet Fairy Book, The Underground Workers, sentence 80
Near him, in the full sunlight, were the traces of a dead fire, and when he drew close to it he saw that what he had taken for ashes was really fine silver dust, and that the half burnt firewood was made of gold.
Who acts: friend · What happens: be, draw, see, take, make · To what, where: traces, fine silver dust, half · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Underground Workers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Near | near | ADP | _ | 2 him | case |
| 2 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 traces | nmod:poss |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 sunlight | punct |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 sunlight | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 sunlight | det |
| 6 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 sunlight | amod |
| 7 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 him | parataxis |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 sunlight | punct |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 traces | cop |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 traces | det |
| 11 | traces | trace | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 fire | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 fire | det |
| 14 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 fire | amod |
| 15 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 traces | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 saw | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 saw | cc |
| 18 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 drew | advmod |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 drew | nsubj |
| 20 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 saw | advcl |
| 21 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 drew | xcomp |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 it | case |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 close | obl |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 saw | nsubj |
| 25 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 traces | parataxis |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 30 taken | mark |
| 27 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 30 taken | obj |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 taken | nsubj |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 taken | aux |
| 30 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 saw | ccomp |
| 31 | for | for | ADP | _ | 32 ashes | case |
| 32 | ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 taken | obl |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 dust | cop |
| 34 | really | really | ADV | _ | 35 fine | advmod |
| 35 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 dust | amod |
| 36 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dust | compound |
| 37 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 taken | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 made | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 made | cc |
| 40 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 46 made | mark |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 half | det |
| 42 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 46 made | nsubj:pass |
| 43 | burnt | burnt | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 firewood | amod |
| 44 | firewood | firewood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 half | conj |
| 45 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 made | aux:pass |
| 46 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 saw | conj |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 gold | case |
| 48 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 made | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 traces | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | friend's traces | of a dead fire | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | draw | past | friend | close property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | see | past | friend | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | take | past · perfect | friend | for ashes | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent what=Theme for ash=Beneficiary | ||||
| 5 | is a | past | friend not said here | fine silver dust | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | make | past · passive | the half and burnt firewood | of gold | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/25/80/