The Violet Fairy Book, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars, sentence 30

As they were passing near the precipice they heard a sound of crying, and on looking over they saw a little green meadow wedged in between two great heaps of snow, and on the meadow lay a baby amongst the flowers.

Who acts: crowns, sound · What happens: pass, hear, cry, look, see, wedge · To what, where: precipice, sound, little green meadow, two great heaps, baby, meadow

This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Story of Three Wonderful Beggars. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crowns, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	SCONJ	_	4 passing	mark
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 passing	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 passing	aux
4	passing	pass	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	near	near	ADP	_	7 precipice	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 precipice	det
7	precipice	precipice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 passing	obl
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 heard	nsubj
9	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 precipice	acl:relcl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 sound	det
11	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 heard	obj
12	of	of	SCONJ	_	13 crying	mark
13	crying	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 sound	acl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 looking	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 looking	cc
16	on	on	SCONJ	_	17 looking	mark
17	looking	look	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 passing	conj
18	over	over	SCONJ	_	20 saw	mark
19	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 saw	nsubj
20	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 looking	ccomp
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 meadow	det
22	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 meadow	amod
23	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 meadow	amod
24	meadow	meadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 saw	obj
25	wedged	wedge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	24 meadow	acl
26	in	in	ADP	_	30 heaps	case
27	between	between	ADP	_	30 heaps	case
28	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	30 heaps	nummod
29	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 heaps	amod
30	heaps	heap	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 wedged	obl
31	of	of	ADP	_	32 snow	case
32	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 heaps	nmod
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 lay	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 lay	cc
35	on	on	ADP	_	37 meadow	case
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 meadow	det
37	meadow	meadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 lay	obl
38	lay	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 saw	conj
39	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	40 baby	det
40	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 lay	obj
41	amongst	amongst	ADP	_	43 flowers	case
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 flowers	det
43	flowers	flower	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 lay	obl
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 passing	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	pass	past · progressive	crowns = crown		the precipice		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme near precipice=Location
2	hear	past	crowns = crown	a sound			vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sound=Stimulus
3	cry speech: express	gerund	a sound not said here				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	look	gerund	crowns = crown not said here				tree rules
5	see	past	crowns = crown	a little green meadow			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer meadow=Stimulus
6	wedge	participle		a little green meadow not said here	two great heaps of snow		vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent in heap=Trajectory
7	lie	past	crowns = crown not said here	a baby	the meadow	amongst the flowers	vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location baby=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/4/30/