The Violet Fairy Book, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 3, sentence 63

They never sleep, night or day, but every now and then a hermit comes to visit them, and from him they learn certain things it is needful for them to know.

Who acts: horses, hermit, water · What happens: not sleep, come, visit, learn, be, know · To what, where: horses, certain things

This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horses, hermit, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sleep	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 sleep	advmod
3	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 night	punct
5	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sleep	obl
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 day	cc
7	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 night	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 comes	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 comes	cc
10	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	11 now	det
11	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	16 comes	advmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 comes	cc
13	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	16 comes	advmod
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 hermit	det
15	hermit	hermit	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 comes	nsubj
16	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sleep	advcl
17	to	to	PART	_	18 visit	mark
18	visit	visit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 comes	xcomp
19	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 visit	obj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 learn	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 learn	cc
22	from	from	ADP	_	23 him	case
23	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 learn	obl
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 learn	nsubj
25	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 comes	conj
26	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 things	amod
27	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 learn	obj
28	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 needful	nsubj
29	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 needful	cop
30	needful	needful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 things	acl:relcl
31	for	for	SCONJ	_	34 know	mark
32	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 know	nsubj
33	to	to	PART	_	34 know	mark
34	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	30 needful	advcl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sleep	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	not sleep	present	horses = horse		night		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	come	present	a hermit		now; then		tree rules
3	visit	to-infinitive	a hermit not said here	horses = horse			vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent
4	learn	present	horses = horse	certain things		from hermit	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent thing=Topic from he=Source
5	is	present	water	certain things not said here		needful property	tree rules
6	know	to-infinitive	horses = horse				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/40/63/