The Violet Fairy Book, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 3, sentence 85
The horse understood what he was to do, and from one nostril he breathed fresh air over Iliane, and from the other, he snorted a burning wind which shrivelled up the emperor where he stood, leaving only a little heap of ashes.
Who acts: horse, emperor, burning wind · What happens: understand, be, breathe, snort, burn, shrivell up · To what, where: fresh air, one nostril, burning wind, other, emperor, little heap
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Girl Who Pretended to Be a Boy, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, emperor, burning wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 horse | det |
| 2 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 understood | nsubj |
| 3 | understood | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 understood | obj |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 do | nsubj |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 do | cop |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 do | mark |
| 8 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 what | acl:relcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 breathed | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 breathed | cc |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 nostril | case |
| 12 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 nostril | nummod |
| 13 | nostril | nostril | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 breathed | obl |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 breathed | nsubj |
| 15 | breathed | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 understood | parataxis |
| 16 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 air | amod |
| 17 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 breathed | obj |
| 18 | over | over | ADP | _ | 19 Iliane | case |
| 19 | Iliane | Iliane | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 breathed | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 snorted | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 snorted | cc |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 other | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 other | det |
| 24 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 snorted | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 other | punct |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 snorted | nsubj |
| 27 | snorted | snort | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 understood | parataxis |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 wind | det |
| 29 | burning | burn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 wind | amod |
| 30 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 snorted | obj |
| 31 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 shrivelled | nsubj |
| 32 | shrivelled | shrivell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 wind | acl:relcl |
| 33 | up | up | ADP | _ | 32 shrivelled | compound:prt |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 emperor | det |
| 35 | emperor | emperor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 shrivelled | obj |
| 36 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 38 stood | advmod |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 stood | nsubj |
| 38 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 emperor | acl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 leaving | punct |
| 40 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 stood | advcl |
| 41 | only | only | ADV | _ | 44 heap | advmod |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 heap | det |
| 43 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 heap | amod |
| 44 | heap | heap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 leaving | obj |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 ashes | case |
| 46 | ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 heap | nmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 understood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | understand | past | the horse | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | is | past | emperor | do property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | breathe | past | emperor | fresh air | one nostril | over Iliane | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | ||
| 4 | snort | past | emperor | a burning wind | the other | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Patient | |||
| 5 | burn | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | shrivell up | past | a burning wind | the emperor | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | stand | past | emperor | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | leave | gerund | emperor not said here | a little heap of ashes | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heap=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/40/85/