The Violet Fairy Book, The Goat’s Ears of the Emperor Trojan, sentence 20
Some shepherds, tending their flocks near by, noticed the tree growing there, and one of them cut down a stem to make flutes of; but, directly he began to play, the flute would do nothing but sing: ‘The Emperor Trojan has goat’s ears.’
Who acts: shepherds, tree, one, flute, Emperor Trojan · What happens: tend, notice, grow, cut down, stem, make · To what, where: flocks, tree, flutes, nothing, ears
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Goat’s Ears of the Emperor Trojan. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherds, tree, one, flute), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 shepherds | det |
| 2 | shepherds | shepherd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 noticed | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 tending | punct |
| 4 | tending | tend | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 shepherds | acl |
| 5 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 flocks | nmod:poss |
| 6 | flocks | flock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 tending | obj |
| 7 | near | near | ADV | _ | 6 flocks | advmod |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 near | fixed |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 shepherds | punct |
| 10 | noticed | notice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 tree | det |
| 12 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 noticed | obj |
| 13 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 tree | acl |
| 14 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 growing | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 stem | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 stem | cc |
| 17 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 stem | nsubj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 them | case |
| 19 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 one | nmod |
| 20 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 stem | amod |
| 21 | down | down | ADP | _ | 20 cut | compound:prt |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 stem | det |
| 23 | stem | stem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 noticed | parataxis |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 make | mark |
| 25 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 stem | acl |
| 26 | flutes | flute | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 make | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 flutes | nmod |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 began | punct |
| 29 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 33 began | cc |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 but | punct |
| 31 | directly | directly | ADV | _ | 33 began | advmod |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 began | nsubj |
| 33 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 noticed | conj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 play | mark |
| 35 | play | play | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 began | xcomp |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 do | punct |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 flute | det |
| 38 | flute | flute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 do | nsubj |
| 39 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 do | aux |
| 40 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 play | conj |
| 41 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 40 do | obj |
| 42 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 43 sing | cc |
| 43 | sing | sing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 nothing | conj |
| 44 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 49 has | punct |
| 45 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 49 has | punct |
| 46 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 Trojan | det |
| 47 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 Trojan | compound |
| 48 | Trojan | Trojan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 has | nsubj |
| 49 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 noticed | parataxis |
| 50 | goat | goat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 ears | nmod:poss |
| 51 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 50 goat | case |
| 52 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 has | obj |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 49 has | punct |
| 54 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 49 has | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tend | gerund | some shepherds not said here | shepherds's flocks | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Theme | ||||
| 2 | notice | past | some shepherds | the tree | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer tree=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | grow | gerund | the tree not said here | there | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | cut down | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 5 | stem | one of shepherds | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | make | to-infinitive | some shepherds not said here | flutes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset flute=Product | ||||
| 7 | begin | past | tree | directly property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 8 | play | to-infinitive | tree not said here | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | do | would | the flute | nothing | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality | ||||
| 10 | have | present | the Emperor Trojan | goat's ears | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/6/20/