The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 1, sentence 109
Overhanging the lakes were the boughs of some of the trees, which were so large that ships could sail beneath them.
Who acts: Overhanging, trees, ships · What happens: overhang, be, sail · To what, where: lakes, boughs
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Overhanging, trees, ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Overhanging | overhang | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 boughs | csubj |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 lakes | det |
| 3 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Overhanging | obj |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 boughs | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 boughs | det |
| 6 | boughs | bough | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 some | case |
| 8 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 boughs | nmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 trees | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 trees | det |
| 11 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 some | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 large | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 large | nsubj |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 large | cop |
| 15 | so | so | ADV | _ | 16 large | advmod |
| 16 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 trees | conj |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 sail | mark |
| 18 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 sail | nsubj |
| 19 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 sail | aux |
| 20 | sail | sail | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 large | advcl |
| 21 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 22 them | case |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 sail | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 boughs | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | overhang | gerund | the lakes | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lake=Co-Theme | |||||
| 2 | is a | past | Overhanging | the boughs | of some of the trees | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is | past | the trees | large property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | sail | could | ships | beneath trees = tree | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/1/109/