The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 14, sentence 73
When he had proceeded a little distance from the castle gates he turned about; and perceiving two of the lions coming after him, drew his sword, and prepared himself for defence.
Who acts: prince, lions · What happens: proceed, turn about, perceive, come, draw, prepare · To what, where: little distance, castle gates, two, sword, prince
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, lions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 proceeded | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 proceeded | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 proceeded | aux |
| 4 | proceeded | proceed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 distance | det |
| 6 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 distance | amod |
| 7 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 proceeded | obj |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 gates | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 gates | det |
| 10 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 gates | compound |
| 11 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 distance | nmod |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 turned | nsubj |
| 13 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 gates | acl:relcl |
| 14 | about | about | ADV | _ | 13 turned | advmod |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 perceiving | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 perceiving | cc |
| 17 | perceiving | perceive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 proceeded | advcl |
| 18 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 perceiving | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 lions | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 lions | det |
| 21 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 two | nmod |
| 22 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 lions | acl |
| 23 | after | after | ADP | _ | 24 him | case |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 coming | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 drew | punct |
| 26 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 perceiving | parataxis |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 sword | nmod:poss |
| 28 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 drew | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 prepared | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 prepared | cc |
| 31 | prepared | prepare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 drew | conj |
| 32 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 31 prepared | obj |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 defence | case |
| 34 | defence | defence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 prepared | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 proceeded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | proceed | past · perfect | prince | a little distance | the castle gates | tree rules | |||
| 2 | turn about | past | prince | the castle gates not said here | about property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent gate=Theme | |||
| 3 | perceive | gerund | prince not said here | two of the lions | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer two=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | come | gerund | the lions not said here | after prince | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | draw | past | prince's sword | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme | |||||
| 6 | prepare | past | prince | for defence | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent himself=Product for defence=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/14/73/