The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 16, sentence 1
Just then he heard close to him a funny sort of chuckle, and turning round, he saw a large fish staring at him with round eyes, and with a peculiar twist of its mouth which Sin could see was caused by laughter.
Who acts: he, large fish, Sin, laughter · What happens: hear, turn round, see, stare, cause, sort · To what, where: funny sort, large fish, peculiar twist, chuckle, mouth
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (he, large fish, Sin, laughter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Just | just | ADV | _ | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 heard | advmod |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 heard | xcomp |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 him | case |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 close | obl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 sort | det |
| 9 | funny | funny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 sort | amod |
| 10 | sort | sort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 chuckle | case |
| 12 | chuckle | chuckle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sort | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 turning | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 turning | cc |
| 15 | turning | turn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 heard | advcl |
| 16 | round | round | ADV | _ | 15 turning | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 saw | punct |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 saw | nsubj |
| 19 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | parataxis |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 fish | det |
| 21 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 fish | amod |
| 22 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 saw | obj |
| 23 | staring | stare | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 fish | acl |
| 24 | at | at | ADP | _ | 25 him | case |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 staring | obl |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 eyes | case |
| 27 | round | round | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 eyes | amod |
| 28 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 staring | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 caused | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 caused | cc |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 twist | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 twist | det |
| 33 | peculiar | peculiar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 twist | amod |
| 34 | twist | twist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 mouth | case |
| 36 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 37 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 twist | nmod |
| 38 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 see | obj |
| 39 | Sin | Sin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 see | nsubj |
| 40 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 see | aux |
| 41 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 twist | acl:relcl |
| 42 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 caused | aux:pass |
| 43 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 saw | conj |
| 44 | by | by | ADP | _ | 45 laughter | case |
| 45 | laughter | laughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 caused | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | he | a funny sort of chuckle | then | close property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer sort=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | turn round | gerund | he not said here | round property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | see | past | he | a large fish | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fish=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | stare | gerund | a large fish not said here | at fish; with round eyes | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at he=Theme | ||||
| 5 | see | could | Sin | a peculiar twist of twist's mouth | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | cause | past · passive | laughter | a peculiar twist of twist's mouth | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | ||||
| 7 | sort | chuckle | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 8 | twist | twist's mouth | nom twist «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/16/1/