The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 19, sentence 110
Haki and Oku saw that it was useless for them, being only human, to fight against Korkwi, who possessed supernatural powers, so they returned to the Empress, who decided to call on Shiku, the Fire King, for aid.
Who acts: Haki, thought, Korkwi, Empress · What happens: see, be, fight, possess, return, decide · To what, where: supernatural powers, Shiku · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Haki, thought, Korkwi, Empress), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Haki | Haki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 Oku | cc |
| 3 | Oku | Oku | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Haki | conj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 useless | mark |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 useless | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 useless | cop |
| 8 | useless | useless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 saw | ccomp |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 them | case |
| 10 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 useless | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 human | punct |
| 12 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 human | cop |
| 13 | only | only | ADV | _ | 14 human | advmod |
| 14 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 useless | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 fight | punct |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 fight | mark |
| 17 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 saw | conj |
| 18 | against | against | ADP | _ | 19 Korkwi | case |
| 19 | Korkwi | Korkwi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 fight | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 possessed | punct |
| 21 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 possessed | nsubj |
| 22 | possessed | possess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 Korkwi | acl:relcl |
| 23 | supernatural | supernatural | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 powers | compound |
| 24 | powers | power | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 possessed | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 returned | punct |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 28 returned | advmod |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 returned | nsubj |
| 28 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | conj |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 Empress | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Empress | det |
| 31 | Empress | Empress | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 returned | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 decided | punct |
| 33 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 decided | nsubj |
| 34 | decided | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 Empress | acl:relcl |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 call | mark |
| 36 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 decided | xcomp |
| 37 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 Shiku | case |
| 38 | Shiku | Shiku | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 call | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 King | punct |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 King | det |
| 41 | Fire | Fire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 King | compound |
| 42 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Shiku | appos |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 aid | punct |
| 44 | for | for | ADP | _ | 45 aid | case |
| 45 | aid | aid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 call | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Haki and Oku | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | past | thought | for Haki; useless property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | gerund | thought not said here | human property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | fight | to-infinitive | Haki and Oku not said here | against Korkwi | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | possess | past | Korkwi | supernatural powers | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot power=Theme | ||||
| 6 | return | past | Haki | to the Empress result | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to empress=Result | ||||
| 7 | decide | past | the Empress | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 8 | call not said to happen | to-infinitive | the Empress not said here | Shiku | for aid | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for aid=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/19/110/