The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 19, sentence 14
Suddenly they heard a voice, which came from the branches of a tree beneath which they were sitting.
Who acts: tutor, voice · What happens: hear, come, sit · To what, where: voice, branches, tree
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tutor, voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 3 heard | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 voice | det |
| 5 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heard | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 came | punct |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 came | nsubj |
| 8 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 voice | acl:relcl |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 branches | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 branches | det |
| 11 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 came | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 tree | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 tree | det |
| 14 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 branches | nmod |
| 15 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 16 which | case |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 sitting | obl |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 sitting | nsubj |
| 18 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 sitting | aux |
| 19 | sitting | sit | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 tree | acl:relcl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | tutor | a voice | suddenly property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | come | past | a voice | the branches of a tree | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from branch=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | sit | past · progressive | tutor | a tree | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath which=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/19/14/