The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 19, sentence 3
The Rajah at first refused to allow Varna to leave the country, as he was fearful that harm might come to him, but his sister entreated and his wife insisted, so he finally gave his consent, although reluctantly.
Who acts: Rajah, Varna, that, sister, wife, harm · What happens: refuse, not allow, leave, be, come, entreat · To what, where: Varna, country, harm, consent
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rajah, Varna, that, sister), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Rajah | det |
| 2 | Rajah | Rajah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 refused | nsubj |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 first | case |
| 4 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 5 refused | obl |
| 5 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 allow | mark |
| 7 | allow | allow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 refused | xcomp |
| 8 | Varna | Varna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 allow | obj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 leave | mark |
| 10 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 allow | xcomp |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 country | det |
| 12 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 leave | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 fearful | punct |
| 14 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 17 fearful | mark |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 fearful | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 fearful | cop |
| 17 | fearful | fearful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 leave | advcl |
| 18 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 come | nsubj |
| 19 | harm | harm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 come | nsubj |
| 20 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 come | aux |
| 21 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 fearful | ccomp |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 him | case |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 come | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 entreated | punct |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 28 entreated | cc |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 sister | nmod:poss |
| 27 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 entreated | nsubj |
| 28 | entreated | entreat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 refused | conj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 insisted | cc |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 wife | nmod:poss |
| 31 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 insisted | nsubj |
| 32 | insisted | insist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 entreated | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 gave | punct |
| 34 | so | so | ADV | _ | 37 gave | advmod |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 gave | nsubj |
| 36 | finally | finally | ADV | _ | 37 gave | advmod |
| 37 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 refused | conj |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 consent | nmod:poss |
| 39 | consent | consent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 gave | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 reluctantly | punct |
| 41 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 42 reluctantly | mark |
| 42 | reluctantly | reluctantly | ADV | _ | 37 gave | advmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 refused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refuse | past | the Rajah | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | not allow | to-infinitive | the Rajah not said here | Varna | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer varna=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | leave not said to happen | to-infinitive | Varna not said here | the country | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | past | Rajah | fearful property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | come | might | that | harm | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to he=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | entreat | past | harm's sister | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | insist speech: other | past | harm's wife | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | give | past | Rajah | harm's consent | finally, reluctantly property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consent=Theme | |||
| 9 | consent | harm | nom consent «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/19/3/