The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 19, sentence 91
He was coming toward them at a terrific rate, and the two comrades said to each other: “We will attack him from right and left, and not allow him to escape alive.”
Who acts: Korkwi, two comrades, We · What happens: come, say, attack, leave, not allow, escape · To what, where: terrific rate, each, Korkwi · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Korkwi, two comrades, We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 coming | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 coming | aux |
| 3 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 5 them | case |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 coming | obl |
| 6 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 rate | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 rate | det |
| 8 | terrific | terrific | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 rate | amod |
| 9 | rate | rate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 coming | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 said | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 said | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 comrades | det |
| 13 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 comrades | nummod |
| 14 | comrades | comrade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 said | nsubj |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 coming | parataxis |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 each | case |
| 17 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 15 said | obl |
| 18 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 each | fixed |
| 19 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 attack | punct |
| 20 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 attack | punct |
| 21 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 attack | nsubj |
| 22 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 attack | aux |
| 23 | attack | attack | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 said | conj |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 attack | obj |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 right | case |
| 26 | right | right | ADV | _ | 23 attack | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 left | cc |
| 28 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 attack | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 allow | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 allow | cc |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 allow | advmod |
| 32 | allow | allow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 attack | conj |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 allow | iobj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 escape | mark |
| 35 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 allow | xcomp |
| 36 | alive | alive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 escape | xcomp |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 coming | punct |
| 38 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 coming | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past · progressive | Korkwi | a terrific rate | toward Haki | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme toward they=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the two comrades | each | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to each=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | attack in a quote | future | We | Korkwi | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | ||||
| 4 | leave in a quote | past | We not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | not allow in a quote | infinitive | We not said here | Korkwi | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer he=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | escape not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | We not said here | alive property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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