The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 2, sentence 91
Although they had never yet seen one another they had transacted much business together by means of messengers, who passed frequently between them.
Who acts: MERCHANTS, messengers · What happens: not see, transact, mean, pass · To what, where: one, much business
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (MERCHANTS, messengers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Although | although | SCONJ | _ | 6 seen | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 seen | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 seen | aux |
| 4 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 6 seen | advmod |
| 5 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 6 seen | advmod |
| 6 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 means | nsubj |
| 7 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 seen | obj |
| 8 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 one | fixed |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 transacted | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 transacted | aux |
| 11 | transacted | transact | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 one | acl:relcl |
| 12 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 business | amod |
| 13 | business | business | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 transacted | obj |
| 14 | together | together | ADV | _ | 11 transacted | advmod |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 transacted | obl |
| 16 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 messengers | case |
| 18 | messengers | messenger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 means | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 passed | punct |
| 20 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 passed | nsubj |
| 21 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 messengers | acl |
| 22 | frequently | frequently | ADV | _ | 21 passed | advmod |
| 23 | between | between | ADP | _ | 24 them | case |
| 24 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 passed | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 means | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not see | past · perfect | MERCHANTS = merchant | one | yet | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | transact | past · perfect | MERCHANTS = merchant | much business | together property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | mean | present | of messengers | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | pass | past | messengers | between MERCHANTS = merchant; frequently property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme between they=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/2/91/