The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 20, sentence 34
Now all of this was the more difficult to do because ever since the hole was made in the mountain the moon had ceased to shine by night, and the sun by day, so that it was quite dark, and even now it remained so.
Who acts: all, mountain, sun · What happens: be, do, make, cease, shine, remain · To what, where: hole, mountain, moon
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (all, mountain, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 8 difficult | advmod |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 difficult | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 this | case |
| 4 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 all | nmod |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 difficult | cop |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 difficult | det |
| 7 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 8 difficult | advmod |
| 8 | difficult | difficult | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 do | mark |
| 10 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 difficult | csubj |
| 11 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 12 ever | mark |
| 12 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 10 do | advcl |
| 13 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 17 made | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 hole | det |
| 15 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 made | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 made | aux:pass |
| 17 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 do | advcl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 mountain | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 mountain | det |
| 20 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 made | obl |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 moon | det |
| 22 | moon | moon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 ceased | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 ceased | aux |
| 24 | ceased | cease | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 mountain | acl:relcl |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 shine | mark |
| 26 | shine | shine | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 ceased | xcomp |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 night | case |
| 28 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 shine | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 remained | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 remained | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 sun | det |
| 32 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 remained | nsubj |
| 33 | by | by | ADP | _ | 34 day | case |
| 34 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 sun | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 dark | punct |
| 36 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 41 dark | mark |
| 37 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 36 so | fixed |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 dark | nsubj |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 dark | cop |
| 40 | quite | quite | ADV | _ | 41 dark | advmod |
| 41 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 remained | advcl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 remained | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 remained | cc |
| 44 | even | even | ADV | _ | 45 now | advmod |
| 45 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 47 remained | advmod |
| 46 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 remained | nsubj |
| 47 | remained | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 difficult | conj |
| 48 | so | so | ADV | _ | 47 remained | advmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 difficult | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | all of this | now | difficult property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | do | to-infinitive | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | make | past · passive | the hole | the mountain | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 4 | cease | past · perfect · passive | the mountain not said here | the moon | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | shine | to-infinitive | the mountain not said here | night | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | is | past | sun | dark property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | remain | past | the sun by day | now | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/20/34/