The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 20, sentence 61
Now, as soon as Rajah Salabhan heard this he guessed at once that it was Prince Rasalu come forth before the time, and, mindful of the Jogis’ words that he would die if he looked on his son’s face before twelve years were past, he did not dare to send his guards to seize the offender and bring him to be judged.
Who acts: Rajah, Prince, armor, words, Jogis · What happens: hear, guess, be, come, die, look · To what, where: this, Prince, guards, offender
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rajah, Prince, armor, words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 11 guessed | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
| 3 | as | as | ADV | _ | 4 soon | advmod |
| 4 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 11 guessed | advmod |
| 5 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 8 heard | mark |
| 6 | Rajah | Rajah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 heard | nsubj |
| 7 | Salabhan | Salabhan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Rajah | flat |
| 8 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 guessed | advcl |
| 9 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 8 heard | obj |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 guessed | nsubj |
| 11 | guessed | guess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 once | case |
| 13 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 11 guessed | obl |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 come | mark |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 Prince | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 Prince | cop |
| 17 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 come | nsubj |
| 18 | Rasalu | Rasalu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Prince | flat |
| 19 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 guessed | advcl |
| 20 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 19 come | advmod |
| 21 | before | before | ADP | _ | 23 time | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 time | det |
| 23 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 come | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 mindful | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 mindful | cc |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 mindful | punct |
| 27 | mindful | mindful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 guessed | conj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 words | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Jogis | det |
| 30 | Jogis | Jogis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 words | nmod:poss |
| 31 | ’ | 's | PART | _ | 30 Jogis | case |
| 32 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 mindful | obl |
| 33 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 die | nsubj |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 die | nsubj |
| 35 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 die | aux |
| 36 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 words | acl:relcl |
| 37 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 39 looked | mark |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 looked | nsubj |
| 39 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 die | advcl |
| 40 | on | on | ADP | _ | 44 face | case |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 son | nmod:poss |
| 42 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 face | nmod:poss |
| 43 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 42 son | case |
| 44 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 looked | obl |
| 45 | before | before | ADP | _ | 47 years | case |
| 46 | twelve | twelve | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 47 years | nummod |
| 47 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 past | obl |
| 48 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 past | cop |
| 49 | past | past | ADV | _ | 39 looked | advmod |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 dare | punct |
| 51 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 dare | nsubj |
| 52 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 dare | aux |
| 53 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 54 dare | advmod |
| 54 | dare | dare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 mindful | parataxis |
| 55 | to | to | PART | _ | 56 send | mark |
| 56 | send | send | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 54 dare | xcomp |
| 57 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 guards | nmod:poss |
| 58 | guards | guard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 56 send | obj |
| 59 | to | to | PART | _ | 60 seize | mark |
| 60 | seize | seize | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 56 send | advcl |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 offender | det |
| 62 | offender | offender | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 seize | obj |
| 63 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 bring | cc |
| 64 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 54 dare | conj |
| 65 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 64 bring | obj |
| 66 | to | to | PART | _ | 68 judged | mark |
| 67 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 68 judged | aux:pass |
| 68 | judged | judge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 64 bring | advcl |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 guessed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Rajah | this | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | guess | past | Prince | now | soon property | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent at once=Value | |||
| 3 | is a | past | armor | Prince | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | come | present | Prince | time | forth property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 5 | die | would | the Jogis's words | Prince nsubj | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 6 | look a condition, not said to happen | past | Prince | on Prince's son's face | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on face=Theme | ||||
| 7 | is | past | year | past property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | not dare | past · do-support | Prince | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 9 | not send | to-infinitive | Prince not said here | Prince's guards | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guard=Theme | ||||
| 10 | seize | to-infinitive | Prince not said here | the offender | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offender=Theme | ||||
| 11 | bring | infinitive | Prince not said here | Prince | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination | ||||
| 12 | judge | to-infinitive · passive | Prince not said here | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S» | |||||
| 13 | word | the Jogis | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/20/61/