The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 22, sentence 10
When he had gone the three friends returned, and guessed at once what had happened to the tortoise.
Who acts: hunter, three friends · What happens: go, return, guess, happen · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunter, three friends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 gone | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 gone | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 gone | aux |
| 4 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 returned | advcl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 friends | det |
| 6 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 friends | nummod |
| 7 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 returned | nsubj |
| 8 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 guessed | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 guessed | cc |
| 11 | guessed | guess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 returned | conj |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 once | case |
| 13 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 11 guessed | obl |
| 14 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 16 happened | nsubj |
| 15 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 happened | aux |
| 16 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 guessed | ccomp |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 tortoise | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 tortoise | det |
| 19 | tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 happened | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 returned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past · perfect | hunter | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | return | past | the three friends | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | guess | past | the three friends not said here | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | happen | past · perfect | to the tortoise; what nsubj | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/22/10/