The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 22, sentence 81
At noontide, when his fellow-laborers gave up working, and sat down to rest and eat, Wang Chih took his axe and went up the mountain slope to find a small tree he might cut down for fuel.
Who acts: fellow laborers, Wang · What happens: give up, work, sit down, rest, eat, take · To what, where: noontide, axe, mountain slope, small tree
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fellow laborers, Wang), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 noontide | case |
| 2 | noontide | noontide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gave | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 noontide | punct |
| 4 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 gave | advmod |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 laborers | nmod:poss |
| 6 | fellow | fellow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 laborers | amod |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 fellow | punct |
| 8 | laborers | laborer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 gave | nsubj |
| 9 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | up | up | ADP | _ | 9 gave | compound:prt |
| 11 | working | work | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 gave | xcomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 sat | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 sat | cc |
| 14 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 gave | conj |
| 15 | down | down | ADP | _ | 14 sat | compound:prt |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 rest | mark |
| 17 | rest | rest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 sat | advcl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 eat | cc |
| 19 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 rest | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 took | punct |
| 21 | Wang | Wang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 took | nsubj |
| 22 | Chih | Chih | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Wang | flat |
| 23 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 gave | parataxis |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 axe | nmod:poss |
| 25 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 took | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 went | cc |
| 27 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 took | conj |
| 28 | up | up | ADP | _ | 27 went | compound:prt |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 slope | det |
| 30 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 slope | compound |
| 31 | slope | slope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 went | obj |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 find | mark |
| 33 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 went | advcl |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 tree | det |
| 35 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 tree | amod |
| 36 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 find | obj |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 cut | nsubj |
| 38 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 cut | aux |
| 39 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 tree | acl:relcl |
| 40 | down | down | ADP | _ | 39 cut | compound:prt |
| 41 | for | for | ADP | _ | 42 fuel | case |
| 42 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 cut | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give up | past | Wang's fellow laborers | noontide | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | work | gerund | Wang's fellow laborers not said here | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | sit down | past | Wang's fellow laborers not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | rest | to-infinitive | Wang's fellow laborers not said here | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | eat | infinitive | Wang's fellow laborers not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | take | past | Wang | Wang's axe | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Theme | ||||
| 7 | go up | past | Wang not said here | the mountain slope | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient slope=Extent | ||||
| 8 | find | to-infinitive | Wang not said here | a small tree | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Topic | ||||
| 9 | cut down | might | Wang | a small tree not said here | for fuel | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent tree=Product for fuel=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/22/81/