The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 23, sentence 24
Wang Chih felt rather frightened when he perceived the cave in the distance, and if it had not been for the thought of seeing his wife again, and his little boy and girl, he would have been glad to turn back.
Who acts: Wang, cave, thought, little boy · What happens: feel, perceive, not be, see, be, turn back · To what, where: cave, wife
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wang, cave, thought, little boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wang | Wang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 felt | nsubj |
| 2 | Chih | Chih | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Wang | flat |
| 3 | felt | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | rather | rather | ADV | _ | 5 frightened | advmod |
| 5 | frightened | frightened | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 felt | xcomp |
| 6 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 perceived | advmod |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 perceived | nsubj |
| 8 | perceived | perceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 felt | advcl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 cave | det |
| 10 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 perceived | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 distance | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 distance | det |
| 13 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 perceived | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 thought | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 thought | cc |
| 16 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 23 thought | mark |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 thought | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 thought | aux |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 23 thought | advmod |
| 20 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 thought | cop |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 thought | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 thought | det |
| 23 | thought | thought | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 felt | conj |
| 24 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 25 seeing | mark |
| 25 | seeing | see | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 thought | acl |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 wife | nmod:poss |
| 27 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 seeing | obj |
| 28 | again | again | ADV | _ | 25 seeing | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 glad | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 glad | cc |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 boy | nmod:poss |
| 32 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 boy | amod |
| 33 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 glad | nsubj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 girl | cc |
| 35 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 boy | conj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 glad | punct |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 glad | nsubj |
| 38 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 glad | aux |
| 39 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 41 glad | aux |
| 40 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 41 glad | cop |
| 41 | glad | glad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 felt | parataxis |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 turn | mark |
| 43 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 glad | advcl |
| 44 | back | back | ADV | _ | 43 turn | advmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 felt | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | feel | past | Wang | frightened property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | perceive | past | Wang | the cave | in the distance | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer cave=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | not is a condition, not said to happen | past · perfect | cave | for the thought | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | see | gerund | the thought not said here | dragon's wife | again | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wife=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | is | would · perfect | dragon's little boy and girl | dragon nsubj; glad property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | turn back | to-infinitive | dragon's little boy and girl not said here | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/23/24/