The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 23, sentence 29
He struck a light, and set the grass on fire, and it was so dry that the flames spread all around the entrance to the cave, and made such a smoke and crackling that the sky-dragon put his head out to see what was the matter.
Who acts: Wang, grass, flames, sky dragon · What happens: strike, set, be, spread, make, crackle · To what, where: light, grass, fire, entrance, smoke, head · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wang, grass, flames, sky dragon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 struck | nsubj |
| 2 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 light | det |
| 4 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 struck | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 set | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 set | cc |
| 7 | set | set | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 struck | advcl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 grass | det |
| 9 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 set | obj |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 fire | case |
| 11 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 set | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 dry | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 dry | cc |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 dry | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 dry | cop |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 dry | advmod |
| 17 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 struck | parataxis |
| 18 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 spread | mark |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 flames | det |
| 20 | flames | flame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 spread | nsubj |
| 21 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 dry | advcl |
| 22 | all | all | ADV | _ | 25 entrance | advmod |
| 23 | around | around | ADP | _ | 25 entrance | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 entrance | det |
| 25 | entrance | entrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 spread | obj |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 cave | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 cave | det |
| 28 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 entrance | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 made | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 made | cc |
| 31 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 struck | parataxis |
| 32 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 34 smoke | det:predet |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 smoke | det |
| 34 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 made | obj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 crackling | cc |
| 36 | crackling | crackle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 made | conj |
| 37 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 42 put | mark |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 dragon | det |
| 39 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 dragon | compound |
| 40 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 sky | punct |
| 41 | dragon | dragon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 put | nsubj |
| 42 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 crackling | advcl |
| 43 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 head | nmod:poss |
| 44 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 put | obj |
| 45 | out | out | ADV | _ | 42 put | advmod |
| 46 | to | to | PART | _ | 47 see | mark |
| 47 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 put | advcl |
| 48 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 51 matter | nsubj |
| 49 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 51 matter | cop |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 matter | det |
| 51 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 see | ccomp |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 struck | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | strike | past | Wang | a light | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient | ||||
| 2 | set | infinitive | Wang not said here | the grass | fire | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent grass=Theme on fire=Destination | |||
| 3 | is | past | grass | dry property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | spread | present | the flames | the entrance | to the cave | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location entrance=Theme | |||
| 5 | make | past | such smoke | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset smoke=Product | |||||
| 6 | crackle | gerund | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | put out | past | the sky dragon | Wang's head | out property | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent head=Goal | |||
| 8 | see | to-infinitive | the sky dragon not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 9 | is a | past | the matter | what nsubj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/23/29/