The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 26, sentence 79
There were great trees, from the branches of which came the exquisite singing of innumerable birds; their eyes were gladdened by the beauty of the flowers, which gave forth a most pleasing perfume, and they found an abundance of delicious fruit, with which the trees were laden.
Who acts: great trees, branches, beauty, flowers, summons · What happens: be, come, gladden, give, find, lade · To what, where: eyes, pleasing perfume, abundance, trees, innumerable birds
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great trees, branches, beauty, flowers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 were | expl |
| 2 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 trees | amod |
| 4 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 were | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 branches | punct |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 branches | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 branches | det |
| 8 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 were | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 which | case |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 came | nsubj |
| 11 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 branches | acl:relcl |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 singing | det |
| 13 | exquisite | exquisite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 singing | amod |
| 14 | singing | singing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 came | nsubj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 birds | case |
| 16 | innumerable | innumerable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 birds | amod |
| 17 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 singing | nmod |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 gladdened | punct |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 20 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 gladdened | nsubj |
| 21 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 gladdened | aux:pass |
| 22 | gladdened | gladden | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 were | conj |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 25 beauty | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 beauty | det |
| 25 | beauty | beauty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 gladdened | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 flowers | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 flowers | det |
| 28 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 beauty | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 gave | punct |
| 30 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 gave | nsubj |
| 31 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 flowers | acl:relcl |
| 32 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 31 gave | advmod |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 perfume | det |
| 34 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 35 pleasing | advmod |
| 35 | pleasing | pleasing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 perfume | amod |
| 36 | perfume | perfume | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 gave | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 found | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 found | cc |
| 39 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 found | nsubj |
| 40 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 gladdened | parataxis |
| 41 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 abundance | det |
| 42 | abundance | abundance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 found | obj |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 fruit | case |
| 44 | delicious | delicious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 fruit | amod |
| 45 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 abundance | nmod |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 laden | punct |
| 47 | with | with | ADP | _ | 48 which | case |
| 48 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 52 laden | obl |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 trees | det |
| 50 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 laden | nsubj:pass |
| 51 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 laden | aux:pass |
| 52 | laden | lade | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 found | conj |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 were | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | great trees | there | the branches nsubj | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | come | past | the branches | the exquisite singing of innumerable birds nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | gladden | past · passive | the beauty of the flowers | summons's eyes | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | give | past | the flowers | a pleasing perfume | forth property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perfume=Theme | |||
| 5 | find | past | summons = summon | a abundance of delicious fruit | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abundance=Topic | ||||
| 6 | lade | past · passive | the trees | which obl | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | sing | innumerable birds | nom singing «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/26/79/