The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 8, sentence 12
They then began to abuse the pigeon who had dared them, saying that it was through him they were all caught.
Who acts: followers, pigeon, ground · What happens: begin, abuse, dare, say, be, catch · To what, where: pigeon, followers, fowler · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (followers, pigeon, ground), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 began | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 began | advmod |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 abuse | mark |
| 5 | abuse | abuse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 began | xcomp |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 pigeon | det |
| 7 | pigeon | pigeon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 abuse | obj |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 dared | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 dared | aux |
| 10 | dared | dare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 pigeon | acl:relcl |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 dared | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 saying | punct |
| 13 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 began | advcl |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 22 caught | mark |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 him | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 him | cop |
| 17 | through | through | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 caught | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 caught | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 caught | aux:pass |
| 21 | all | all | ADV | _ | 22 caught | advmod |
| 22 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 saying | ccomp |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | followers = follower | then | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | abuse | to-infinitive | followers = follower not said here | the pigeon | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pigeon=Theme | ||||
| 3 | dare | past · perfect | the pigeon | followers = follower | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | gerund | followers = follower not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | is | past | ground | through fowler | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | catch | past · passive | fowler | followers = follower nsubj:pass; all property | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/8/12/