Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 1, sentence 11

Indeed, it is the real difficulty and obscurity of the language, which in spite of careful and scholarly editing will always place the poem in its original form outside the range of any but professed students of mediæval literature, which has encouraged me to make an attempt to render it more accessible to the general public, by giving it a form that shall be easily intelligible, and at the same time preserve as closely as possible the style of the author.

Who acts: dialect, language, form · What happens: be, place, profess, encourage, make, render · To what, where: real difficulty, spite, students, mediæval literature, attempt, dialect

This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dialect, language, form), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Indeed	indeed	ADV	_	7 difficulty	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Indeed	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 difficulty	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 difficulty	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 difficulty	det
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 difficulty	amod
7	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 obscurity	cc
9	obscurity	obscurity	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 difficulty	conj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 language	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 language	det
12	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 difficulty	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 place	punct
14	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	24 place	nsubj
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 spite	case
16	spite	spite	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 place	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	21 editing	case
18	careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 editing	amod
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 scholarly	cc
20	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 careful	conj
21	editing	editing	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 place	obl
22	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	24 place	aux
23	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	24 place	advmod
24	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 language	conj
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 poem	det
26	poem	poem	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 place	appos
27	in	in	ADP	_	30 form	case
28	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 form	nmod:poss
29	original	original	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 form	amod
30	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 poem	nmod
31	outside	outside	ADP	_	33 range	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 range	det
33	range	range	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 form	nmod
34	of	of	ADP	_	35 any	case
35	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	33 range	nmod
36	but	but	CCONJ	_	37 professed	cc
37	professed	profess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	35 any	conj
38	students	student	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 professed	obj
39	of	of	ADP	_	41 literature	case
40	mediæval	mediæval	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 literature	amod
41	literature	literature	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 students	nmod
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 encouraged	punct
43	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	45 encouraged	nsubj:pass
44	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	45 encouraged	aux
45	encouraged	encourage	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	41 literature	acl:relcl
46	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	45 encouraged	obj
47	to	to	PART	_	48 make	mark
48	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	45 encouraged	advcl
49	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	50 attempt	det
50	attempt	attempt	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 make	obj
51	to	to	PART	_	52 render	mark
52	render	render	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	50 attempt	acl
53	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	52 render	obj
54	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	55 accessible	advmod
55	accessible	accessible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	52 render	xcomp
56	to	to	ADP	_	59 public	case
57	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	59 public	det
58	general	general	ADJ	Degree=Pos	59 public	amod
59	public	public	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 accessible	obl
60	,	,	PUNCT	_	62 giving	punct
61	by	by	SCONJ	_	62 giving	mark
62	giving	give	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	48 make	advcl
63	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	62 giving	obj
64	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	65 form	det
65	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	62 giving	obj
66	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	70 intelligible	nsubj
67	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	70 intelligible	aux
68	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	70 intelligible	cop
69	easily	easily	ADV	_	70 intelligible	advmod
70	intelligible	intelligible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	65 form	acl:relcl
71	,	,	PUNCT	_	77 preserve	punct
72	and	and	CCONJ	_	77 preserve	cc
73	at	at	ADP	_	77 preserve	case
74	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	77 preserve	det
75	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	77 preserve	amod
76	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	77 preserve	compound
77	preserve	preserve	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 professed	parataxis
78	as	as	ADV	_	79 closely	advmod
79	closely	closely	ADV	_	81 possible	advmod
80	as	as	SCONJ	_	81 possible	mark
81	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	77 preserve	advcl
82	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	83 style	det
83	style	style	NOUN	Number=Sing	81 possible	nsubj
84	of	of	ADP	_	86 author	case
85	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	86 author	det
86	author	author	NOUN	Number=Sing	83 style	nmod
87	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 difficulty	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	dialect	the real difficulty and obscurity		of the language and place; obscurity conj; indeed property	tree rules
2	place	future	the language and place		spite	of careful editing; the poem in dialect's original form outside the range of any appos; always property	tree rules
3	profess	past	the language and place not said here	students of mediæval literature		the same time preserve parataxis	vn declare-29.4-1-1-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent student=Theme
4	encourage	present · perfect · passive		mediæval literature		me obj	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer i=Result
5	make	to-infinitive		a attempt			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset attempt=Product
6	render	to-infinitive		dialect		accessible property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
7	give	gerund		dialect		a form obj	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient form=Theme
8	is	shall	a form			easily, intelligible property	tree rules
9	form		dialect			outside the range of any	nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent outside=obl

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/1/11/

🌲 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 1, sentence 11

The tree

Pragmatics

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 1, sentence 11