Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 1, sentence 10
The dialect in which it is written has been decided to be West Midland, probably Lancashire, and is by no means easy to understand.
Who acts: West Midland · What happens: write, decide, be, understand · To what, where: dialect, West Midland
This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (West Midland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 dialect | det |
| 2 | dialect | dialect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 decided | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 which | case |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 written | obl |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 written | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 written | aux:pass |
| 7 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 dialect | acl:relcl |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 decided | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 decided | aux:pass |
| 10 | decided | decide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 Midland | mark |
| 12 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 Midland | cop |
| 13 | West | West | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Midland | compound |
| 14 | Midland | Midland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 decided | obl:agent |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Lancashire | punct |
| 16 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 17 Lancashire | advmod |
| 17 | Lancashire | Lancashire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Midland | flat |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 means | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 means | cc |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 means | cop |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 no | case |
| 22 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 23 means | obl |
| 23 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 decided | conj |
| 24 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 means | xcomp |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 understand | mark |
| 26 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 easy | xcomp |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 decided | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | present · passive | dialect | the dialect | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in which=Destination | ||||
| 2 | decide | present · perfect · passive | West Midland | the dialect | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent subject=Topic | ||||
| 3 | is a | to-infinitive | West Midland | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | is | present | West Midland not said here | by no; easy, mean property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | understand | to-infinitive | West Midland not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/1/10/